前言
现在知乎允许上传视频，奈何不能下载视频，好气哦，无奈之下研究一下了，然后撸了代码，方便下载视频保存。
接下来以 猫为什么一点也不怕蛇？ 回答为例，分享一下整个下载过程。
调试一下
打开 F12, 找到光标，如下图：
然后将光标移动到视频上。如下图：
咦这是什么？视野中出现了一条神秘的链接: https://www.zhihu.com/video/xxxxx，让我们将这条链接复制到浏览器上，然后打开：
似乎这就是我们要找的视频，不要着急，让我们看一看，网页的请求，然后你会发现一个很有意思的请求(重点来了):
让我们自己看一下数据吧:
{
\"playlist\": {
\"ld\": {
\"width\": 360,
\"format\": \"mp4\",
\"play_url\": \"https://vdn.vzuu.com/LD/05fc411e-d8e0-11e8-bb8b-0242ac112a0b.mp4?auth_key=1541477643-0-0-987c2c504d14ab1165ce2ed47759d927&expiration=1541477643&disable_local_cache=1\",
\"duration\": 17,
\"size\": 1123111,
\"bitrate\": 509,
\"height\": 640
},
\"hd\": {
\"width\": 720,
\"format\": \"mp4\",
\"play_url\": \"https://vdn.vzuu.com/HD/05fc411e-d8e0-11e8-bb8b-0242ac112a0b.mp4?auth_key=1541477643-0-0-8b8024a22a62f097ca31b8b06b7233a1&expiration=1541477643&disable_local_cache=1\",
\"duration\": 17,
\"size\": 4354364,
\"bitrate\": 1974,
\"height\": 1280
},
\"sd\": {
\"width\": 480,
\"format\": \"mp4\",
\"play_url\": \"https://vdn.vzuu.com/SD/05fc411e-d8e0-11e8-bb8b-0242ac112a0b.mp4?auth_key=1541477643-0-0-5948c2562d817218c9a9fc41abad1df8&expiration=1541477643&disable_local_cache=1\",
\"duration\": 17,
\"size\": 1920976,
\"bitrate\": 871,
\"height\": 848
}
},
\"title\": \"\",
\"duration\": 17,
\"cover_info\": {
\"width\": 720,
\"thumbnail\": \"https://pic2.zhimg.com/80/v2-97b9435a0c32d01c7c931bd00120327d_b.jpg\",
\"height\": 1280
},
\"type\": \"video\",
\"id\": \"1039146361396174848\",
\"misc_info\": {}
}
没错了，我们要下载的视频就在这里面，其中 ld 代表普清,sd 代表标清, hd 代表高清，把相应链接再次在浏览器打开，然后右键保存就可以下载视频了。
代码
知道整个流程是什么样子，接下来撸代码的过程就简单了，这里就不过再做过多解释了，直接上代码:
# -*- encoding: utf-8 -*-
import re
import requests
import uuid
import datetime
class DownloadVideo:
__slots__ = [
\'url\', \'video_name\', \'url_format\', \'download_url\', \'video_number\',
\'video_api\', \'clarity_list\', \'clarity\'
]
def __init__(self, url, clarity=\'ld\', video_name=None):
self.url = url
self.video_name = video_name
self.url_format = \"https://www.zhihu.com/question/\\d+/answer/\\d+\"
self.clarity = clarity
self.clarity_list = [\'ld\', \'sd\', \'hd\']
self.video_api = \'https://lens.zhihu.com/api/videos\'
def check_url_format(self):
pattern = re.compile(self.url_format)
matches = re.match(pattern, self.url)
if matches is None:
raise ValueError(
\"链接格式应符合:https://www.zhihu.com/question/{number}/answer/{number}\"
)
return True
def get_video_number(self):
try:
headers = {
\'User-Agent\':
\'Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; Intel Mac OS X 10_12_6) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/66.0.3359.181 Safari/537.36\'
}
response = requests.get(self.url, headers=headers)
response.encoding = \'utf-8\'
html = response.text
video_ids = re.findall(r\'data-lens-id=\"(\\d+)\"\', html)
if video_ids:
video_id_list = list(set([video_id for video_id in video_ids]))
self.video_number = video_id_list[0]
return self
raise ValueError(\"获取视频编号异常:{}\".format(self.url))
except Exception as e:
raise Exception(e)
def get_video_url_by_number(self):
url = \"{}/{}\".format(self.video_api, self.video_number)
headers = {}
headers[\'Referer\'] = \'https://v.vzuu.com/video/{}\'.format(
self.video_number)
headers[\'Origin\'] = \'https://v.vzuu.com\'
headers[
\'User-Agent\'] = \'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64) AppleWebKit/537.36 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/70.0.3538.67 Safari/537.36\'
headers[\'Content-Type\'] = \'application/json\'
try:
response = requests.get(url, headers=headers)
response_dict = response.json()
if self.clarity in response_dict[\'playlist\']:
self.download_url = response_dict[\'playlist\'][
self.clarity][\'play_url\']
else:
for clarity in self.clarity_list:
if clarity in response_dict[\'playlist\']:
self.download_url = response_dict[\'playlist\'][
self.clarity][\'play_url\']
break
return self
except Exception as e:
raise Exception(e)
def get_video_by_video_url(self):
response = requests.get(self.download_url)
datetime_str = datetime.datetime.now().strftime(\"%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S\")
if self.video_name is not None:
video_name = \"{}-{}.mp4\".format(self.video_name, datetime_str)
else:
video_name = \"{}-{}.mp4\".format(str(uuid.uuid1()), datetime_str)
path = \"{}\".format(video_name)
with open(path, \'wb\') as f:
f.write(response.content)
def download_video(self):
if self.clarity not in self.clarity_list:
raise ValueError(\"清晰度参数异常,仅支持:ld(普清),sd(标清),hd(高清)\")
if self.check_url_format():
return self.get_video_number().get_video_url_by_number().get_video_by_video_url()
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
a = DownloadVideo(\'https://www.zhihu.com/question/53031925/answer/524158069\')
print(a.download_video())
结语
代码还有优化空间，这里面我只是下载了回答中的第一个视频，理论上应该存在一个回答下可以有多个视频的。如果还有什么疑问或者建议，可以多多交流。
以上就是python 抓取知乎指定回答下视频的方法的详细内容，更多关于python 抓取视频的资料请关注自学编程网其它相关文章！
