python Paramiko使用示例

2020-10-10 0 947

Paramiko 是由 Python 语言编写的一个扩展模块,提供了基于 SSHv2 协议 (包括客户端和服务端)的多种功能实现。通常被用来远程控制类 UNIX 系统。

Paramiko 可以直接使用 pip 命令安装:

$ pip install paramiko

此处不作过多介绍,参考后文中的代码示例。

远程执行 Linux 命令

代码如下:

import paramiko

# 初始化 SSH 客户端,通过用户名密码连接至远程服务器
client = paramiko.SSHClient()
client.set_missing_host_key_policy(paramiko.AutoAddPolicy)
client.connect(hostname=\'remoteserver_ip\', username=\'username\', password=\'password\')

# 通过 RSA 秘钥验证的方式连接至远程 SSH 服务
# private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(\'~/.ssh/id_rsa\')
# client.connect(hostname=\"remoteserver_ip\", username=\"username\", pkey=private_key)

# 远程执行 df -h 命令并打印输出
stdin, stdout, stderr = client.exec_command(\'df -h\')
print(stdout.read().decode(\'utf-8\'))

client.close()

运行效果如下:

python Paramiko使用示例

SFTP 文件传输

示例代码如下:

import paramiko

transport = paramiko.Transport((\'hostname_or_ip\', port))

# 通过用户名密码完成验证建立连接
transport.connect(username=\'username\', password=\'password\')

# 通过 RSA 私钥文件完成验证建立连接
# private_key = paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(\'/path/to/private_key_file\')
# transport.connect(username=\'username\', pkey=private_key)

sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(transport)

localpath = \"localfile\"
remotepath = \"remotefile_fullpath\"
sftp.put(localpath, remotepath)
print(\"Successfully uploaded\")

transport.close()

综合示例

代码如下(文件名 ssh_connection.py ):

import paramiko
import getpass
import os


class SSHConnection():

  def __init__(self, user, host, port=22, password=\'\'):
    self.username = user
    self.host = host
    self.port = port
    self.password = password
    self.keyfile = self.get_keyfile()

  def get_keyfile(self, path=os.getcwd()):
    default_keyfile = os.path.join(
      os.environ[\'HOME\'], \'.ssh\', \'id_rsa\')

    if \'id_rsa\' in os.listdir(path):
      keyfile = os.path.join(path, \'id_rsa\')
    elif os.path.isfile(default_keyfile):
      keyfile = default_keyfile
    else:
      keyfile = \'\'

    return keyfile

  def connect(self):
    transport = paramiko.Transport((self.host, self.port))

    if self.password:
      transport.connect(username=self.username, password=self.password)
    elif self.keyfile:
      transport.connect(
        username=self.username,
        pkey=paramiko.RSAKey.from_private_key_file(self.keyfile))
    else:
      password = getpass.getpass(
        \"Password for %s@%s: \" % (self.username, self.host))
      transport.connect(username=self.username, password=password)

    self._transport = transport

    print(\"Connected to %s as %s\" % (self.host, self.username))

  def close(self):
    self._transport.close()

  def run_cmd(self, command):
    ssh = paramiko.SSHClient()
    ssh._transport = self._transport

    stdin, stdout, stderr = ssh.exec_command(command)
    res = stdout.read().decode(\'utf-8\')
    error = stderr.read().decode(\'utf-8\')

    if error.strip():
      return error
    else:
      return res

  def trans_file(self, localpath, remotepath, method=\'\'):
    sftp = paramiko.SFTPClient.from_transport(self._transport)
    if method == \'put\':
      sftp.put(localpath, remotepath)
      print(\"File %s has uploaded to %s\" % (localpath, remotepath))
    elif method == \'get\':
      sftp.get(remotepath, localpath)
      print(\"File %s has saved as %s\" % (remotepath, localpath))
    else:
      print(\'usage: trans_file(localpath, remotepath, method=\"get/put\"\')

  def __del__(self):
    self.close()

测试结果如下:

(python3) D:\\Program\\python\\devops>python
Python 3.7.2 (default, Jan 2 2019, 17:07:39) [MSC v.1915 64 bit (AMD64)] :: Anaconda, Inc. on win32
Type \”help\”, \”copyright\”, \”credits\” or \”license\” for more information.
>>> from ssh_connection import SSHConnection
>>> client = SSHConnection(\’starky\’,\’127.0.0.1\’)
>>> client.connect()
Connected to 127.0.0.1 as starky
>>> client.run_cmd(\’uname -a\’)
\’Linux server1 5.0.0-20-generic #21-Ubuntu SMP Mon Jun 24 09:32:09 UTC 2019 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux\\n\’
>>> client.trans_file(\’id_rsa.pub\’, \’/home/starky/id_rsa.pub\’, method=\’put\’)
File id_rsa.pub has uploaded to /home/starky/id_rsa.pub
>>> client.run_cmd(\’ls -l /home/starky/id_rsa.pub\’)
\’-rw-rw-r– 1 starky starky 410 7月 20 15:01 /home/starky/id_rsa.pub\\n\’
>>> exit()

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