python 实现Requests发送带cookies的请求

一、缘起

最近学习【悠悠课堂】的接口自动化教程，文中提到Requests发送带cookies请求的方法，笔者随之也将其用于手头实际项目中，大致如下

二、背景

实际需求是监控平台侧下发消息有无异常，如有异常便触发报警推送邮件，项目中下发消息接口需要带cookies

三、说明

脚本的工程名为ynJxhdSendMsg，大致结构如下图

python 实现Requests发送带cookies的请求

sendMsg.py为主程序，函数checkMsg为在已发消息列表中查找已下发消息，函数sendMsg为发消息并根据结果返回对应的标识
sendAlertEmail.py为发送邮件程序，在sendMsg.py中根据不同标识调用sendAlertEmail.py下的send_alert_email函数发报警邮件

四、实现

【重点】发请求之前先加载cookies，方法如下

~
......
~
# 加载cookies
# 第一步，引入RequestsCookieJar()
coo = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
# 第二步，设置cookies参数，coo.set(\'key\', \'value\')
coo.set(\'__utma\', \'82342229.1946326147.***.1545556722.1545556733.4\')
coo.set(\'JSESSIONID\', \'D898010550***ADB0600BF31FF\')
# 第三步，引入seeeion()，并update
sess = requests.session()
sess.cookies.update(coo)
~
......
~

sendMsg.py

发送带当前时间戳的特定消息，在发送成功后便于通过时间戳检索
函数checkMsg为在已发消息列表中查找已下发消息
函数sendMsg为发消息并根据结果返回对应的标识
导入sendAlertEmail模块的send_alert_email方法，在sendMsg.py中根据不同标识调用send_alert_email函数发报警邮件

#!/usr/bin/python
# coding=utf-8
# author: 葛木瓜
# 2018.12.20

import requests
import time
import re
import sys
sys.path.append(\'./\')
from sendAlertEmail import send_alert_email

now = time.strftime(\'%Y.%m.%d %H:%M:%S\') # 获取当前时间
sendMsg_url = \'http://*.*.*.*/interactive/sendMessage.action\'
msgList_url = \'http://*.*.*.*/interactive/sendedMessageList.action\'
headers = {
  \'User-Agent\': \'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; WOW64; rv:56.0) Gecko/20100101 Firefox/56.0\',
  \'Content-Type\': \'application/x-www-form-urlencoded\'
  }
payload = {
  \'showFlag\': \'0\',
  \'type\': \'1\',
  \'fsnl\': \'on\',
  \'receiversId_\': \'63110542\',
  \'receiveName\': \'9705家长;\',
  \'content\': \'Test msg sending,time \' + now,
  \'templateType\': \'1\',
  \'addTeachername\': \'0\',
  \'isGreed\': \'0\',
  \'send\': \'1\',
  \'startDayTime\': \'2018-12-20\',
  \'hourss\': \'22\',
  \'munit\': \'29\',
  \'selectRole\': \'2\',
  \'receiversIds\': \'63110542\',
  \'templateFlag\': \'0\'
}

# 加载cookies
coo = requests.cookies.RequestsCookieJar()
coo.set(\'__utma\', \'82342229.1946326147.***.1545556722.1545556733.4\')
coo.set(\'JSESSIONID\', \'D898010550***ADB0600BF31FF\')
sess = requests.session()
sess.cookies.update(coo)


def checkMsg():
  \"\"\"
  在已发送短信列表检查已发送短信
  :return:
  \"\"\"
  i = 1
  while True:
    try:
      cm_resp = sess.get(msgList_url, headers=headers, allow_redirects=False)
    except Exception as e:
      return str(e)
    else:
      time.sleep(1)
      cm_key = re.findall(\'Test msg sending,time33 \' + now, cm_resp.text)
      i += 1
      if i <= 30:
        if len(cm_key):
          break
      else:
        cm_key = [\'More than 30 times,no result\']
        break
  print(\'Request %d times\' % i)
  return cm_key


def sendMsg():
  \"\"\"
  send message
  :return:
  \"\"\"
  try:
    resp = sess.post(sendMsg_url, headers=headers, data=payload, allow_redirects=False)
  except Exception as e:
    return str(e)
  else:
    if resp.status_code == 200:
      key = re.findall(\'通知发送已成功\', resp.text)
      cm_key = checkMsg()
      # print(key, cm_key)
      if len(key) and len(cm_key):
        if cm_key[0] == \'Test msg sending,time \' + now:
          return 200
        elif cm_key[0] == \'More than 30 times,no result\':
          return \'More than 30 times,no result\'
        else:
          # print(\'Check Msg connect fail:\' + str(cm_key))
          return \'Check Msg connect fail: \' + cm_key
    elif resp.status_code == 302:
      return 302
    else:
      return resp.status_code


if __name__ == \'__main__\':

  receiver = [\'**@***.com\'] # 收件人邮件列表
  status = sendMsg()
  print(status)
  if status == 200:
    alert_content = \"normal\"
    print(\'Test Success!\')
  elif status == \'More than 30 times,no result\':
    alert_content = \"短信已发送，查询已发状态失败！\"
  elif \'Check Msg connect fail:\' in str(status):
    alert_content = \"短信已发送，无法查询已发状态，报错信息：%s\" % status.split(\':\')[-1]
  elif status == 302:
    alert_content = \"Session失效，请重新获取\'JSESSIONID\'！\"
  else:
    alert_content = \"短信下发失败，报错信息：%s\" % status
  if alert_content != \"normal\":
    send_alert_email(receiver, alert_content)

sendAlertEmail.py，方法较常见，此处略