Python实现学生管理系统的代码(JSON模块)

构思

学生管理系统应该包含老师注册登录管理学生信息（增删改查）还有数据持久化

因为数据存入JSON文件增删改查都需要读取和修改文件
所以需要一个读写文件的方法文件 file_manager
密码加密可以用到哈希模块文件 tools
老师和学生的类文件 model
程序入口（主页）文件index
核心增删改查文件 student_manager

file_manager.py

\"\"\"
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 猫猫
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:23
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
\"\"\"
base_dir = \'files/\'  # 定义一个变量 文件路径


# 读文件的函数
def read_file(file_name):
    try:
        with open(base_dir + file_name, \'r\', encoding=\'utf8\') as file:
            content = file.read()
            return content
    except FileNotFoundError:
        print(\'文件未找到\')


def write_json(file_name, data):
    with open(base_dir + file_name, \'w\', encoding=\'utf8\') as file:
        import json
        json.dump(data, file)


def read_json(file_name, default_data):
    try:
        with open(base_dir + file_name, \'r\', encoding=\'utf8\') as file:
            import json
            return json.load(file)
    except FileNotFoundError:
        # print(\'文件未找到\')
        return default_data

tools.py

\"\"\"
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 猫猫
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:24
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
\"\"\"
# 加密密码
import hashlib

def encrypt_password(passwd, x=\'zhumaogouniu\'):
    h = hashlib.sha256()
    h.update(passwd.encode(\'utf8\'))
    h.update(x.encode(\'utf8\'))
    return h.hexdigest()

model.py

\"\"\"
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 猫猫
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:24
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
\"\"\"
# 创建一个老师对象
class Teacher(object):
    def __init__(self, name, password):
        import tools
        self.name = name
        self.password = tools.encrypt_password(password)

class Student(object):
    def __init__(self, s_id, name, age, gender, tel):
        self.s_id = s_id
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender
        self.tel = tel

index.py

\"\"\"
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 猫猫
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:25
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
\"\"\"
import sys
import file_manager  # 导入自己写的读取文件模块
import model
import student_manager

def register():
    # 读取文件,查看文件里是否有数据。如果文件不存在，默认是一个字典
    data = file_manager.read_json(\'data.json\', {})
    while True:
        teacher_name = input(\'请输入账号(3~6位):\')
        if not 2 <= len(teacher_name) <= 6:
            print(\'账号不符合要求,请重新输入!\')
        else:
            break
    if teacher_name in data:
        print(\'注册失败!该账号已经被注册!\')
        return

    while True:
        password = input(\'请输入密码(6~12位):\')
        if not 6 <= len(password) <= 12:
            print(\'密码不符合要求,请重新输入!\')
        else:
            break

    # 用户名密码都已经输入正确以后 将用户名和密码以key:value形式储存
    # 可以创建一个teacher对象
    t = model.Teacher(teacher_name, password)
    data[t.name] = t.password
    file_manager.write_json(\'data.json\', data)

def login():
    # 读取文件,查看文件里是否有数据。如果文件不存在，默认是一个字典
    data = file_manager.read_json(\'data.json\', {})
    teacher_name = input(\'请输入老师账号:\')

    if teacher_name not in data:
        print(\'登录失败!该账号没有注册!\')
        return
    password = input(\'请输入密码:\')
    import tools
    if data[teacher_name] == tools.encrypt_password(password):
        student_manager.name = teacher_name
        print(\'登录成功\')
        student_manager.show_manager()
    else:
        print(\'密码错误,登陆失败!\')

def start():
    content = file_manager.read_file(\'welcome.txt\')
    while True:
        operate = input(content + \'\\n请选择(1-3)：\')
        if operate == \'1\':
            print(\'登录\')
            login()
        elif operate == \'2\':
            print(\'注册\')
            register()
        elif operate == \'3\':
            print(\'退出\')
            # break   # 把循环退出
            # exit(0)   # 退出整个程序
            sys.exit(0)  # 退出程序
        else:
            print(\'输入有误！\')

if __name__ == \'__main__\':
    start()

student_manager.py

\"\"\"
Project: ClassStudent
Creator: 猫猫
Create time: 2021-02-25 20:26
IDE: PyCharm
Introduction:https://blog.csdn.net/Cantevenl/article/details/115439530
\"\"\"
import file_manager
import model

name = \'\'


# 添加
def add_student():
    x = file_manager.read_json(name + \'.json\', {})
    if not x:
        students = []
        num = 0
    else:
        students = x[\'all_student\']
        # s_id通过json字典里的num来生成
        num = int(x[\'num\'])
    while True:
        s_name = input(\'请输入学生姓名:\')
        s_age = input(\'请输入年龄:\')
        s_gender = input(\'请输入性别:\')
        s_tel = input(\'请输入电话号码:\')

        num += 1
        # 字符串的zfill方法，在字符串的前面补0
        s_id = \'student_id_\' + str(num).zfill(3)

        # 创建一个Student对象
        s = model.Student(s_id, s_name, s_age, s_gender, s_tel)

        students.append(s.__dict__)
        # 拼接字典
        data = {\'all_student\': students, \'num\': len(students)}
        # 把数据写入到文件里 以老师名字.json 把data写进去
        file_manager.write_json(name + \'.json\', data)
        choice = input(\'添加成功!\\n1.继续\\n2.返回\\n请选择(1-2):\')
        if choice == \'2\':
            break


# 显示 查找
def show_student():
    choice = input(\'1.查看所有学生\\n2.根据姓名查找\\n3.根据学号查找\\n其他:返回\\n请选择:\')
    students = file_manager.read_json(name + \'.json\', {})
    
    all_students = students.get(\'all_student\', [])  # get拿列表里的数据，拿不到默认是一个空列表[]
    if not all_students:
        print(\'该老师没有学生，请添加学生\')
        return

    if choice == \'1\':  # 查看所有学生
        pass
    elif choice == \'2\':  # 根据姓名查看
        s_name = input(\'请输入学生的姓名:\')
        all_students = filter(lambda s: s[\'name\'] == s_name, all_students)  # students就只保留了指定名字的学生
    elif choice == \'3\':  # 学号查找
        s_id = input(\'请输入学生的学号:\')
        all_students = filter(lambda s: s[\'s_id\'] == s_id, all_students)
    else:
        return

    if not students:
        print(\'未找到学生\')
        return

    for student in all_students:
        print(\'学号:{s_id},姓名:{name},性别:{gender},年龄{age},电话号码{tel}\'.format(**student))


# 修改
def modify_student():
    key = value = \'\'
    m = file_manager.read_json(name + \'.json\', {})
    all_students = m.get(\'all_student\', [])

    if not all_students:
        print(\'该老师没有学生,请添加学生\')
        return

    modify = input(\'1.根据姓名修改\\n2.根据学号修改\\n其他:返回\\n请选择:\')
    if modify == \'1\':
        value = input(\'请输入要修改的学生名字:\')
        key = \'name\'

    elif modify == \'2\':
        value = input(\'请输入要修改的学生学号:\')
        key = \'s_id\'

    else:
        return

    students = list(filter(lambda s: s[key] == value, all_students))
    if not all_students:
        print(\'没有找到对应的学生\')
        return

    for i, student in enumerate(students):
        print(\'{xiabiao} 学号:{s_id},姓名:{name},性别:{gender},年龄{age},电话号码{tel}\'.format(xiabiao=i, **student))

    n = int(input(\'请输入需要修改的学生的标号(0~{}),q-->返回:\'.format(len(students) - 1)))

    if not 0 <= n <= len(students):
        print(\'输入的内容错误\')
        return

    all_students.remove(students[n])

    students[n][\'s_id\'] = new_input((students[n][\'s_id\']), \"请输入修改后的学生学号[回车则不修改]:\")
    students[n][\'name\'] = new_input((students[n][\'name\']), \"请输入修改后的学生姓名[回车则不修改]:\")
    students[n][\'gender\'] = new_input((students[n][\'gender\']), \"请输入修改后的学生性别[回车则不修改]:\")
    students[n][\'age\'] = new_input((students[n][\'age\']), \"请输入修改后的学生年龄[回车则不修改]:\")
    students[n][\'tel\'] = new_input((students[n][\'tel\']), \"请输入修改后的学生电话号码[回车则不修改]:\")
    all_students.append(students[n])
    print(all_students)
    m[\'all_student\'] = all_students
    file_manager.write_json(name + \'.json\', m)


# 删除
def delete_student():
    y = file_manager.read_json(name + \'.json\', {})
    all_students = y.get(\'all_student\', [])
    key = value = \'\'

    if not all_students:
        print(\'该老师没有学生，请添加学生\')
        return

    num = input(\'1.按照姓名删除\\n2.按照学号删除\\n其他:返回\\n请选择:\')
    if num == \'1\':
        key = \'name\'
        value = input(\'请输入要删除的学生名字:\')

    elif num == \'2\':
        key = \'s_id\'
        value = input(\'请输入要删除的学生学号:\')
    else:
        return

    students = list(filter(lambda s: s.get(key, \'\') == value, all_students))
    if not students:
        print(\'没有找到对应的学生\')
        return

    for i, student in enumerate(students):
        print(\'{xiabiao} 学号:{s_id},姓名:{name},性别:{gender},年龄{age},电话号码{tel}\'.format(xiabiao=i, **student))

    n = input(\'请输入需要删除的学生的标号(0~{}),q-->返回:\'.format(len(students) - 1))

    if not n.isdigit() or not 0 <= int(n) <= len(students):
        print(\'输入的内容错误\')
        return

    # 将学生从all_students里删除
    # all_students.pop(n)
    all_students.remove(students[int(n)])

    # 更新新的名单
    y[\'all_student\'] = all_students
    file_manager.write_json(name + \'.json\', y)


# 显示管理页面
def show_manager():
    content = file_manager.read_file(\'students_page.txt\') % name
    while True:
        print(content)
        operate = input(\'请选择(1-5):\')
        if operate == \'1\':
            add_student()
        elif operate == \'2\':
            show_student()
        elif operate == \'3\':
            modify_student()
        elif operate == \'4\':
            delete_student()
        elif operate == \'5\':
            break
        else:
            print(\'输入错误!\')


# 修改时用的input方法
def new_input(old, new):
    input_str = input(new)

    if len(input_str) > 0:
        return input_str
    else:
        return old

美化文本

通过自己写的读取文件方法可以直接读取文本（类似界面）

welcome.txt

================================
    ** 欢迎来到学生管理系统**

           1. 登    录
           2. 注    册
           3. 退    出
    **                    **
================================

students_page.txt

================================
❀❀ 欢迎%s老师进入学生管理系统:

         1.  添加学生
         2.  查看学生
         3.  修改学生信息
         4.  删除学生
         5.  返回
❀❀                          ❀❀
================================

执行效果