视频教程教学地址:https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV18441117Hd?p=1
0x01路由
from flask import Flask app = Flask(__name__) # flask对象实例化 @app.route(\'/index\') #定义首页 @app.route(\'/\') #设置默认index def index(): return \'hello world!\' @app.route(\'/home/<string:username>\') # 生成home路由,单一传参 def home(username): print(username) return \'<h1>欢迎回家</h1>\' @app.route(\'/main/<string:username>/<string:password>\') #多个参数传递 def main(username,password): print(username) print(password) return \'<h1>welcome</h1>\' def about(): return \'about page\' app.add_url_rule(rule=\'/about\',view_func=about) #另一种添加路由的方式 if __name__ == \'__main__\': app.debug = True #开启debug模式 app.run()
0x02 模版和静态文件
2.1 文件结构
2.2代码
#app.py #app.py from flask import Flask,render_template #倒入模版 app = Flask(__name__) #声明模版文件夹 @app.route((\'/index\')) def index(): return render_template(\'index.html\') #返回模版 if __name__ == \'__main__\': app.run(debug=True)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang=\"en\"> <head> <meta charset=\"UTF-8\"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>hello hello</h1> <img src=\"/static/imgs/1.png\"> </body> </html>
2.3 运行效果
0x03 json
from flask import Flask,jsonify app = Flask(__name__) @app.route(\'/\') def index(): user = {\'name\':\'李三\',\'password\':\'123\'} return jsonify(user) if __name__ == \'__main__\': app.run(debug=True)
3.1运行效果
0x04 重定向
4.1 访问跳转
from flask import Flask, redirect #导入跳转模块 app = Flask(__name__) @app.route(\'/index\') def index(): return redirect(\'https://www.baidu.com\') #指定跳转路径,访问/index目录即跳到百度首页 @app.route(\'/home\') def home(): return \'home page\' if __name__ == \'__main__\': app.run(debug=True)
4.2 打印路由
from flask import Flask,url_for #导入模块 app = Flask(__name__) @app.route(\'/index\') def index(): return \'test\' @app.route(\'/home\') def home(): print(url_for(\'index\')) 打印 index路由 return \'home page\' if __name__ == \'__main__\': app.run(debug=True)
4.3 跳转传参
# 访问home,将name带入index并显示在页面 from flask import Flask,url_for,redirect #导入模块 app = Flask(__name__) @app.route(\'/index<string:name>\') def index(name): return \'test %s\' % name @app.route(\'/home\') def home(): return redirect(url_for(\'index\',name=\'admin\')) if __name__ == \'__main__\': app.run(debug=True)
0x05 jinjia2模版
5.1代码
from flask import Flask,render_template #倒入模版 app = Flask(__name__) #声明模版文件夹 @app.route((\'/index\')) def index(): user = \'admin\' data = [\'111\',2,\'李三\'] userinfo = {\'username\':\'lisan\',\'password\':\'12333\'} return render_template(\'index.html\',user=user,data=data,userinfo=userinfo) #返回模版,传入数据 if __name__ == \'__main__\': app.run(debug=True)
<!DOCTYPE html> <html lang=\"en\"> <head> <meta charset=\"UTF-8\"> <title>Title</title> </head> <body> <h1>11111</h1> {{user}} {{data}} #直接传入 {% if user == \'admin\'%} #简单逻辑判断 <h1 style=\"color:red\">管理员</h1> {% else %} <h1 style=\"color:green\">普通用户</h1> {% endif %} <hr> {% for item in data %} # for循环 <li>{{item}}</li> {% endfor %} <hr> {{ userinfo[\'username\'] }} {{ userinfo[\'password\'] }} <hr> {{ user | upper }} #字母大写(更多可查阅jinjia2过滤器) </body> </html>
5.2 运行效果
0x06 蓝图
目的是为了更好的细分功能模块
6.1代码结构
├── admin │ └── admin.py └── app.py
6.2 代码
#admin.py from flask import Blueprint 导入蓝图模块 admin = Blueprint(\'admin\',__name__,url_prefix=\'/admin\') #对象实例化,url_prefix添加路由前缀,表示若想访问本页相关路由,只能通过形如 xxx/admin/login 访问,不能 xxx/login访问 @admin.route(\'/register\') def register(): return \'欢迎注册\' @admin.route(\'/login\') def login(): return \'欢迎登录\'
#app.py from flask import Flask from admin.admin import admin as admin_blueprint # 导入蓝图 app = Flask(__name__) #声明模版文件夹 app.register_blueprint(admin_blueprint) #注册蓝图 @app.route((\'/index\')) def index(): return \'index page\' if __name__ == \'__main__\': app.run(debug=True)
0x07 登录
7.1结构
7.2代码
#web.py from flask import Flask,render_template,request,redirect,flash,url_for,session from os import urandom app = Flask(__name__) app.config[\'SECRET_KEY\'] = urandom(50) @app.route(\'/index\') def index(): if not session.get(\'user\'): flash(\'请登录后操作\',\'warning\') return redirect(url_for(\'login\')) return render_template(\'index.html\') @app.route(\'/login\',methods=[\'GET\',\'POST\']) def login(): if request.method == \'GET\': return render_template(\'login.html\') elif request.method == \'POST\': username = request.form.get(\'username\') password = request.form.get(\'password\') if username == \'admin\' and password == \'888888\': flash(\'登录成功\',\'success\') session[\'user\'] = \'admin\' return redirect(url_for(\'index\')) else: flash(\'登录失败\',\'danger\') return redirect(url_for(\'login\')) if __name__ == \'__main__\': app.run(debug=True)
# index.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang=\"en\"> <head> <meta charset=\"UTF-8\"> <title>Title</title> <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css\" rel=\"external nofollow\" rel=\"external nofollow\" integrity=\"sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"> <!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 --> <script src=\"https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js\" integrity=\"sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"></script> </head> <body> <h1>欢迎你,管理员</h1> {% for color, message in get_flashed_messages(with_categories=True) %} <div class=\"alert alert-{{color}} alert-dismissible\" role=\"alert\"> <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"alert\" aria-label=\"Close\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\">×</span></button> <p>{{message}}</p> </div> {% endfor %} </body> </html>
#login.html <!DOCTYPE html> <html lang=\"en\"> <head> <meta charset=\"UTF-8\"> <title>login</title> <!-- 最新版本的 Bootstrap 核心 CSS 文件 --> <link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/css/bootstrap.min.css\" rel=\"external nofollow\" rel=\"external nofollow\" integrity=\"sha384-HSMxcRTRxnN+Bdg0JdbxYKrThecOKuH5zCYotlSAcp1+c8xmyTe9GYg1l9a69psu\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"> <!-- 最新的 Bootstrap 核心 JavaScript 文件 --> <script src=\"https://stackpath.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.4.1/js/bootstrap.min.js\" integrity=\"sha384-aJ21OjlMXNL5UyIl/XNwTMqvzeRMZH2w8c5cRVpzpU8Y5bApTppSuUkhZXN0VxHd\" crossorigin=\"anonymous\"></script> </head> <body> <form action=\"/login\" method=\"post\"> <div class=\'form-group\'> <input type=\"text\" name=\"username\" placeholder=\"请输入用户名\" class=\"form-control\"> </div> <div class=\'form-group\'> <input type=\"password\" name=\"password\" placeholder=\"请输入密码\" class=\"form-control\"> </div> <div class=\"form-group\"> <input type=\"submit\" value= \"submit\" class=\"btn btn-primary\"> </div> </form> {% for color, message in get_flashed_messages(with_categories=True) %} <div class=\"alert alert-{{color}} alert-dismissible\" role=\"alert\"> <button type=\"button\" class=\"close\" data-dismiss=\"alert\" aria-label=\"Close\"><span aria-hidden=\"true\">×</span></button> <p>{{message}}</p> </div> {% endfor %} </body> </html>
7.3实现效果
7.3.1未登录默认跳转到登录页面
7.3.2登录成功跳转到index页面
账户密码:admin/888888
7.3.2登录失败效果
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