python中的mysql数据库LIKE操作符详解

2021-10-01 0 163

LIKE 操作符用于在 WHERE 子句中搜索列中的指定模式。

语法:

SELECT column_name(s)
FROM table_name
WHERE column_name LIKE pattern

pattern这里就是放指定模板的地方,而这里就要用到“ % ”,也叫做通配符

%如果是放在条件前面,那就是查以…结尾的数据;例如:%李

%如果是放在条件后面,那就是查以…开头的数据;例如:李%

%如果是在条件前后都存在,那就是查包含的数据;例如:%李%

小知识点:

ERROR 1064 (42000): You have an error in your SQL syntax; check the manual that corresponds to your MySQL server version for the right syntax to use near \’%z\’ at line 1

1064的错误就是LIKE查询时(语法错误),通配符处没加引号,所以才会报错…

正确展示例如:\”%李%\”

示例1:终端运行sql且WHERE子句中使用LIKE

查询地址以Hang开头的人员信息

root@7c6316b19d80:/# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \\g.
Your MySQL connection id is 140
Server version: 5.6.51 MySQL Community Server (GPL)
 
mysql> mysql> select * from test_user where address like \'Hang%\';
+----+--------+-------------+----------+
| id | name   | mobile      | address  |
+----+--------+-------------+----------+
|  3 | python | 18856565858 | Hangzhou |
|  4 | java   | 17756565858 | Hangzhou |
|  5 | php    | 15556565858 | Hangzhou |
|  6 | c#     | 17748484142 | Hangzhou |
+----+--------+-------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

查询地址以u结尾的人员信息

mysql> select * from test_user where address like \'%u\';
+----+--------+-------------+----------+
| id | name   | mobile      | address  |
+----+--------+-------------+----------+
|  3 | python | 18856565858 | Hangzhou |
|  4 | java   | 17756565858 | Hangzhou |
|  5 | php    | 15556565858 | Hangzhou |
|  6 | c#     | 17748484142 | Hangzhou |
+----+--------+-------------+----------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql>

示例2:使用python脚本执行含LIKE的sql语句

查询地址包含z字符的人员信息

import pymysql
 
# 连接数据库
connection = pymysql.connect(host=\"localhost\", user=\"root\", password=\"123456\",
                             database=\"testing\", port=3306, charset=\'utf8\',
                             cursorclass=pymysql.cursors.DictCursor)
 
try:
    with connection:
        with connection.cursor() as cursor:
            sql = \"\"\"
                SELECT
                    *
                FROM
                    test_user
                WHERE
                    address LIKE \'%z%\';
            \"\"\"
            cursor.execute(sql)
            result = cursor.fetchall()
            for i in result:
                print(i)
 
except pymysql.err.MySQLError as _error:
    raise _error
{\'id\': 3, \'name\': \'python\', \'mobile\': \'18856565858\', \'address\': \'Hangzhou\'}
{\'id\': 4, \'name\': \'java\', \'mobile\': \'17756565858\', \'address\': \'Hangzhou\'}
{\'id\': 5, \'name\': \'php\', \'mobile\': \'15556565858\', \'address\': \'Hangzhou\'}
{\'id\': 6, \'name\': \'c#\', \'mobile\': \'17748484142\', \'address\': \'Hangzhou\'}
 
Process finished with exit code 0

查询地址不包含z字符的人员信息

try:
    with connection:
        with connection.cursor() as cursor:
            sql = \"\"\"
                SELECT
                    *
                FROM
                    test_user
                WHERE
                    address NOT LIKE \'%z%\';
            \"\"\"
            cursor.execute(sql)
            result = cursor.fetchall()
            for i in result:
                print(i)
 
except pymysql.err.MySQLError as _error:
    raise _error
{\'id\': 1, \'name\': \'张三三\', \'mobile\': \'17748484141\', \'address\': \'浙江杭州\'}
{\'id\': 9, \'name\': \'111\', \'mobile\': \'18847474549\', \'address\': \'浙江杭州\'}
 
Process finished with exit code 0

至此,使用LIKE操作符查询完毕…

python中的mysql数据库LIKE操作符详解

知识点扩展:python中的mysql数据库like模糊查询

%在python中是个特殊的符号,如%s,%d分别代表了字符串占位符和数字占位符。

大家知道,mysql的模糊查询也需要用到%。

所以,可以先把需要查的字符串抽出来,再以参数方式传入。

args = \'%\'+subtitle+\'%\'
sqlQueryTitle=\"select count(*) from tbl_peng_article where title like \'%s\'\"%args

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