Laravel数据库读写分离配置的方法

配置范例

\'mysql\' => [
 \'driver\' => \'mysql\', 
 \'write\' => [ 
 \'host\' => \'192.168.1.180\', 
 ], 
 \'read\' => [
 [\'host\' => \'192.168.1.182\'], 
 [\'host\' => \'192.168.1.179\'], 
 ],
 ... 
]

或

\'mysql\' => [
 \'driver\' => \'mysql\', 
 \'write\' => [ 
 \'host\' => \'192.168.1.180\', 
 ], 
 \'read\' => [
 \'host\' => ［
 \'192.168.1.182\',
 \'192.168.1.179\'
 ], 
 ],
 ... 
]

扩展配置范例

\'mysql\' => [
 \'driver\' => \'mysql\', 
 \'write\' => [ 
 \'host\' => \'192.168.1.180\', 
 \'username\' => \'write\',
 \'password\' => \'write\',
 ], 
 \'read\' => [
 [
 \'host\' => \'192.168.1.182\',
 \'username\' => \'read1\',
 \'password\' => \'read1\',
 ], 
 [
 \'host\' => \'192.168.1.179\',
 \'username\' => \'read2\',
 \'password\' => \'read2\',
 ], 
 ],
 ... 
]

或者

\'mysql\' => [
 \'driver\' => \'mysql\', 
 \'write\' => [ 
 \'host\' => \'192.168.1.180\', 
 \'username\' => \'write\',
 \'password\' => \'write\',
 ], 
 \'read\' => [
 \'host\' => ［
 \'192.168.1.179\',
 \'192.168.1.182\',
 ],
 \'username\' => \'read\',
 \'password\' => \'read\', 
 ],
 ... 
]

公司数据库架构为一主多从，从库访问地址为唯一地址，该处方便负载均衡及扩展从库。所以最终线上采用的配置

\'mysql\' => [
 \'driver\' => \'mysql\', 
 \'write\' => [ 
 \'host\' => \'192.168.1.180\', 
 \'username\' => \'write\',
 \'password\' => \'write\',
 ], 
 \'read\' => [
 \'host\' => \'192.168.1.179\'
 \'username\' => \'read\',
 \'password\' => \'read\', 
 ],
 ... 
]

代码分析

授人以鱼不如授人以渔，之所以配置如此灵活的原因，以及如何查找到这些配置方式。主要通过查找代码，分析代码；相关代码都在下面粘出，这里就不做解释了，代码能说明一切；

路径：vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Database/Connectors/ConnectionFactory.php

代码：

class ConnectionFactory
{
 ...

 /**
 * Get the read configuration for a read / write connection.
 *
 * @param array $config
 * @return array
 */
 protected function getReadConfig(array $config)
 {
 $readConfig = $this->getReadWriteConfig($config, \'read\');

 if (isset($readConfig[\'host\']) && is_array($readConfig[\'host\'])) {
 $readConfig[\'host\'] = count($readConfig[\'host\']) > 1
 ? $readConfig[\'host\'][array_rand($readConfig[\'host\'])]
 : $readConfig[\'host\'][0];
 }

 return $this->mergeReadWriteConfig($config, $readConfig);
 }
 
 ...
 
 /**
 * Get a read / write level configuration.
 *
 * @param array $config
 * @param string $type
 * @return array
 */
 protected function getReadWriteConfig(array $config, $type)
 {
 if (isset($config[$type][0])) {
 return $config[$type][array_rand($config[$type])];
 }

 return $config[$type];
 }
 
 ...
 
 /**
 * Merge a configuration for a read / write connection.
 *
 * @param array $config
 * @param array $merge
 * @return array
 */
 protected function mergeReadWriteConfig(array $config, array $merge)
 {
 return Arr::except(array_merge($config, $merge), [\'read\', \'write\']);
 }
 
 ...
}
 
 
class Arr
{
 ...
 
 /**
 * Get all of the given array except for a specified array of items.
 *
 * @param array $array
 * @param array|string $keys
 * @return array
 */
 public static function except($array, $keys)
 {
 static::forget($array, $keys);
 
 return $array;
 }
 
 ...
 
 /**
 * Remove one or many array items from a given array using \"dot\" notation.
 *
 * @param array $array
 * @param array|string $keys
 * @return void
 */
 public static function forget(&$array, $keys)
 {
 $original = &$array;
 
 $keys = (array) $keys;
 
 if (count($keys) === 0) {
 return;
 }
 
 foreach ($keys as $key) {
 $parts = explode(\'.\', $key);
 
 while (count($parts) > 1) {
 $part = array_shift($parts);
 
 if (isset($array[$part]) && is_array($array[$part])) {
  $array = &$array[$part];
 } else {
  $parts = [];
 }
 }
 
 unset($array[array_shift($parts)]);
 
 // clean up after each pass
 $array = &$original;
 }
 }
 
 ...
}

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