基于Laravel Auth自定义接口API用户认证的实现方法

基于 laravel 默认的 auth 实现 api 认证

现在微服务越来越流行了. 很多东西都拆分成独立的系统,各个系统之间没有直接的关系. 这样我们如果做用户认证肯定是统一的做一个独立的 用户认证 系统,而不是每个业务系统都要重新去写一遍用户认证相关的东西. 但是又遇到一个问题了. laravel 默认的auth 认证 是基于数据库做的,如果要微服务架构可怎么做呢?

实现代码如下:

UserProvider 接口:

// 通过唯一标示符获取认证模型
public function retrieveById($identifier);
// 通过唯一标示符和 remember token 获取模型
public function retrieveByToken($identifier, $token);
// 通过给定的认证模型更新 remember token
public function updateRememberToken(Authenticatable $user, $token);
// 通过给定的凭证获取用户，比如 email 或用户名等等
public function retrieveByCredentials(array $credentials);
// 认证给定的用户和给定的凭证是否符合
public function validateCredentials(Authenticatable $user, array $credentials);

Laravel 中默认有两个 user provider : DatabaseUserProvider & EloquentUserProvider.

DatabaseUserProvider

Illuminate\\Auth\\DatabaseUserProvider

直接通过数据库表来获取认证模型.

EloquentUserProvider

Illuminate\\Auth\\EloquentUserProvider

通过 eloquent 模型来获取认证模型

根据上面的知识，可以知道要自定义一个认证很简单。

自定义 Provider

创建一个自定义的认证模型，实现 Authenticatable 接口；

App\\Auth\\UserProvider.php

<?php

namespace App\\Auth;

use App\\Models\\User;
use Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\Authenticatable;
use Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\UserProvider as Provider;

class UserProvider implements Provider
{

 /**
 * Retrieve a user by their unique identifier.
 * @param mixed $identifier
 * @return \\Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\Authenticatable|null
 */
 public function retrieveById($identifier)
 {
 return app(User::class)::getUserByGuId($identifier);
 }

 /**
 * Retrieve a user by their unique identifier and \"remember me\" token.
 * @param mixed $identifier
 * @param string $token
 * @return \\Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\Authenticatable|null
 */
 public function retrieveByToken($identifier, $token)
 {
 return null;
 }

 /**
 * Update the \"remember me\" token for the given user in storage.
 * @param \\Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\Authenticatable $user
 * @param string   $token
 * @return bool
 */
 public function updateRememberToken(Authenticatable $user, $token)
 {
 return true;
 }

 /**
 * Retrieve a user by the given credentials.
 * @param array $credentials
 * @return \\Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\Authenticatable|null
 */
 public function retrieveByCredentials(array $credentials)
 {
 if ( !isset($credentials[\'api_token\'])) {
 return null;
 }

 return app(User::class)::getUserByToken($credentials[\'api_token\']);
 }

 /**
 * Rules a user against the given credentials.
 * @param \\Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\Authenticatable $user
 * @param array   $credentials
 * @return bool
 */
 public function validateCredentials(Authenticatable $user, array $credentials)
 {
 if ( !isset($credentials[\'api_token\'])) {
 return false;
 }

 return true;
 }
}

Authenticatable 接口:

Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\Authenticatable
Authenticatable 定义了一个可以被用来认证的模型或类需要实现的接口，也就是说，如果需要用一个自定义的类来做认证，需要实现这个接口定义的方法。

<?php
.
.
.
// 获取唯一标识的，可以用来认证的字段名，比如 id，uuid
public function getAuthIdentifierName();
// 获取该标示符对应的值
public function getAuthIdentifier();
// 获取认证的密码
public function getAuthPassword();
// 获取remember token
public function getRememberToken();
// 设置 remember token
public function setRememberToken($value);
// 获取 remember token 对应的字段名，比如默认的 \'remember_token\'
public function getRememberTokenName();
.
.
.

Laravel 中定义的 Authenticatable trait，也是 Laravel auth 默认的 User 模型使用的 trait，这个 trait 定义了 User 模型默认认证标示符为 \’id\’，密码字段为password，remember token 对应的字段为 remember_token 等等。

通过重写 User 模型的这些方法可以修改一些设置。

实现自定义认证模型

App\\Models\\User.php

<?php

namespace App\\Models;

use App\\Exceptions\\RestApiException;
use App\\Models\\Abstracts\\RestApiModel;
use Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\Authenticatable;

class User extends RestApiModel implements Authenticatable
{

 protected $primaryKey = \'guid\';

 public $incrementing = false;

 protected $keyType = \'string\';

 /**
 * 获取唯一标识的，可以用来认证的字段名，比如 id，guid
 * @return string
 */
 public function getAuthIdentifierName()
 {
 return $this->primaryKey;
 }

 /**
 * 获取主键的值
 * @return mixed
 */
 public function getAuthIdentifier()
 {
 $id = $this->{$this->getAuthIdentifierName()};
 return $id;
 }


 public function getAuthPassword()
 {
 return \'\';
 }

 public function getRememberToken()
 {
 return \'\';
 }

 public function setRememberToken($value)
 {
 return true;
 }

 public function getRememberTokenName()
 {
 return \'\';
 }

 protected static function getBaseUri()
 {
 return config(\'api-host.user\');
 }

 public static $apiMap = [
 \'getUserByToken\' => [\'method\' => \'GET\', \'path\' => \'login/user/token\'],
 \'getUserByGuId\' => [\'method\' => \'GET\', \'path\' => \'user/guid/:guid\'],
 ];


 /**
 * 获取用户信息 (by guid)
 * @param string $guid
 * @return User|null
 */
 public static function getUserByGuId(string $guid)
 {
 try {
 $response = self::getItem(\'getUserByGuId\', [
 \':guid\' => $guid
 ]);
 } catch (RestApiException $e) {
 return null;
 }

 return $response;
 }


 /**
 * 获取用户信息 (by token)
 * @param string $token
 * @return User|null
 */
 public static function getUserByToken(string $token)
 {
 try {
 $response = self::getItem(\'getUserByToken\', [
 \'Authorization\' => $token
 ]);
 } catch (RestApiException $e) {
 return null;
 }

 return $response;
 }
}

上面 RestApiModel 是我们公司对 Guzzle 的封装,用于 php 项目各个系统之间 api 调用. 代码就不方便透漏了.

Guard 接口

Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\Guard

Guard 接口定义了某个实现了 Authenticatable (可认证的) 模型或类的认证方法以及一些常用的接口。

// 判断当前用户是否登录
public function check();
// 判断当前用户是否是游客（未登录）
public function guest();
// 获取当前认证的用户
public function user();
// 获取当前认证用户的 id，严格来说不一定是 id，应该是上个模型中定义的唯一的字段名
public function id();
// 根据提供的消息认证用户
public function validate(array $credentials = []);
// 设置当前用户
public function setUser(Authenticatable $user);

StatefulGuard 接口

Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\StatefulGuard

StatefulGuard 接口继承自 Guard 接口，除了 Guard 里面定义的一些基本接口外，还增加了更进一步、有状态的 Guard.
新添加的接口有这些：

// 尝试根据提供的凭证验证用户是否合法
public function attempt(array $credentials = [], $remember = false);
// 一次性登录，不记录session or cookie
public function once(array $credentials = []);
// 登录用户，通常在验证成功后记录 session 和 cookie 
public function login(Authenticatable $user, $remember = false);
// 使用用户 id 登录
public function loginUsingId($id, $remember = false);
// 使用用户 ID 登录，但是不记录 session 和 cookie
public function onceUsingId($id);
// 通过 cookie 中的 remember token 自动登录
public function viaRemember();
// 登出
public function logout();

Laravel 中默认提供了 3 中 guard ：RequestGuard，TokenGuard，SessionGuard.

RequestGuard

Illuminate\\Auth\\RequestGuard

RequestGuard 是一个非常简单的 guard. RequestGuard 是通过传入一个闭包来认证的。可以通过调用 Auth::viaRequest 添加一个自定义的 RequestGuard.

SessionGuard

Illuminate\\Auth\\SessionGuard

SessionGuard 是 Laravel web 认证默认的 guard.

TokenGuard

Illuminate\\Auth\\TokenGuard

TokenGuard 适用于无状态 api 认证，通过 token 认证.

实现自定义 Guard

App\\Auth\\UserGuard.php

<?php

namespace App\\Auth;

use Illuminate\\Http\\Request;
use Illuminate\\Auth\\GuardHelpers;
use Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\Guard;
use Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\UserProvider;

class UserGuard implements Guard

{
 use GuardHelpers;

 protected $user = null;

 protected $request;

 protected $provider;

 /**
 * The name of the query string item from the request containing the API token.
 *
 * @var string
 */
 protected $inputKey;

 /**
 * The name of the token \"column\" in persistent storage.
 *
 * @var string
 */
 protected $storageKey;

 /**
 * The user we last attempted to retrieve
 * @var
 */
 protected $lastAttempted;

 /**
 * UserGuard constructor.
 * @param UserProvider $provider
 * @param Request $request
 * @return void
 */
 public function __construct(UserProvider $provider, Request $request = null)
 {
 $this->request = $request;
 $this->provider = $provider;
 $this->inputKey = \'Authorization\';
 $this->storageKey = \'api_token\';
 }

 /**
 * Get the currently authenticated user.
 * @return \\Illuminate\\Contracts\\Auth\\Authenticatable|null
 */
 public function user()
 {
 if(!is_null($this->user)) {
  return $this->user;
 }

 $user = null;

 $token = $this->getTokenForRequest();

 if(!empty($token)) {
  $user = $this->provider->retrieveByCredentials(
  [$this->storageKey => $token]
  );
 }

 return $this->user = $user;
 }

 /**
 * Rules a user\'s credentials.
 * @param array $credentials
 * @return bool
 */
 public function validate(array $credentials = [])
 {
 if (empty($credentials[$this->inputKey])) {
  return false;
 }

 $credentials = [$this->storageKey => $credentials[$this->inputKey]];

 $this->lastAttempted = $user = $this->provider->retrieveByCredentials($credentials);

 return $this->hasValidCredentials($user, $credentials);
 }

 /**
 * Determine if the user matches the credentials.
 * @param mixed $user
 * @param array $credentials
 * @return bool
 */
 protected function hasValidCredentials($user, $credentials)
 {
 return !is_null($user) && $this->provider->validateCredentials($user, $credentials);
 }


 /**
 * Get the token for the current request.
 * @return string
 */
 public function getTokenForRequest()
 {
 $token = $this->request->header($this->inputKey);

 return $token;
 }

 /**
 * Set the current request instance.
 *
 * @param \\Illuminate\\Http\\Request $request
 * @return $this
 */
 public function setRequest(Request $request)
 {
 $this->request = $request;

 return $this;
 }
}

在 AppServiceProvider 的 boot 方法添加如下代码：

App\\Providers\\AuthServiceProvider.php

<?php
.
.
.
// auth:api -> token provider.
Auth::provider(\'token\', function() {
 return app(UserProvider::class);
});

// auth:api -> token guard.
// @throw \\Exception
Auth::extend(\'token\', function($app, $name, array $config) {
 if($name === \'api\') {
 return app()->make(UserGuard::class, [
 \'provider\' => Auth::createUserProvider($config[\'provider\']),
 \'request\' => $app->request,
 ]);
 }
 throw new \\Exception(\'This guard only serves \"auth:api\".\');
});
.
.
.

在 config\\auth.php的 guards 数组中添加自定义 guard，一个自定义 guard 包括两部分： driver 和 provider.

设置 config\\auth.php 的 defaults.guard 为 api.

<?php

return [

 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Authentication Defaults
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |
 | This option controls the default authentication \"guard\" and password
 | reset options for your application. You may change these defaults
 | as required, but they\'re a perfect start for most applications.
 |
 */

 \'defaults\' => [
 \'guard\' => \'api\',
 \'passwords\' => \'users\',
 ],

 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Authentication Guards
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |
 | Next, you may define every authentication guard for your application.
 | Of course, a great default configuration has been defined for you
 | here which uses session storage and the Eloquent user provider.
 |
 | All authentication drivers have a user provider. This defines how the
 | users are actually retrieved out of your database or other storage
 | mechanisms used by this application to persist your user\'s data.
 |
 | Supported: \"session\", \"token\"
 |
 */

 \'guards\' => [
 \'web\' => [
  \'driver\' => \'session\',
  \'provider\' => \'users\',
 ],

 \'api\' => [
  \'driver\' => \'token\',
  \'provider\' => \'token\',
 ],
 ],

 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | User Providers
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |
 | All authentication drivers have a user provider. This defines how the
 | users are actually retrieved out of your database or other storage
 | mechanisms used by this application to persist your user\'s data.
 |
 | If you have multiple user tables or models you may configure multiple
 | sources which represent each model / table. These sources may then
 | be assigned to any extra authentication guards you have defined.
 |
 | Supported: \"database\", \"eloquent\"
 |
 */

 \'providers\' => [
 \'users\' => [
  \'driver\' => \'eloquent\',
  \'model\' => App\\Models\\User::class,
 ],

 \'token\' => [
  \'driver\' => \'token\',
  \'model\' => App\\Models\\User::class,
 ],
 ],

 /*
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 | Resetting Passwords
 |--------------------------------------------------------------------------
 |
 | You may specify multiple password reset configurations if you have more
 | than one user table or model in the application and you want to have
 | separate password reset settings based on the specific user types.
 |
 | The expire time is the number of minutes that the reset token should be
 | considered valid. This security feature keeps tokens short-lived so
 | they have less time to be guessed. You may change this as needed.
 |
 */

 \'passwords\' => [
 \'users\' => [
  \'provider\' => \'users\',
  \'table\' => \'password_resets\',
  \'expire\' => 60,
 ],
 ],

];

使用 方式:

参考文章：地址

总结

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