django-simple-captcha是django的验证码包，非常简单实用，这次记录的是如何点击验证码后刷新验证码，因为这个功能官方文档并没有详细给出。
django-simple-captcha官方文档：http://django-simple-captcha.readthedocs.io/en/latest/
django-simple-captcha的github网址：https://github.com/mbi/django-simple-captcha
开始
1.安装 pip install django-simple-captcha， pip install Pillow
2.将captcha 加入 settings.py 的 INSTALLED_APPS
3.运行 python manage.py makemigrations 和 python manage.py migrate
4.url路由加入urls.py的urlpatterns
urlpatterns = [ path(\'captcha/\', include(\'captcha.urls\')), # 图片验证码 路由 path(\'refresh_captcha/\', views.refresh_captcha), # 刷新验证码，ajax path(\'test/\',IndexView.as_view()), #get与post请求路径 ]
5.在views.py中加入以下代码
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.generic import View
from captcha.models import CaptchaStore
from captcha.helpers import captcha_image_url
from django.http import HttpResponse
import json
# 创建验证码
def captcha():
hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 验证码答案
image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 验证码地址
captcha = {\'hashkey\': hashkey, \'image_url\': image_url}
return captcha
#刷新验证码
def refresh_captcha(request):
return HttpResponse(json.dumps(captcha()), content_type=\'application/json\')
# 验证验证码
def jarge_captcha(captchaStr, captchaHashkey):
if captchaStr and captchaHashkey:
try:
# 获取根据hashkey获取数据库中的response值
get_captcha = CaptchaStore.objects.get(hashkey=captchaHashkey)
if get_captcha.response == captchaStr.lower(): # 如果验证码匹配
return True
except:
return False
else:
return False
class IndexView(View):
def get(self, request):
hashkey = CaptchaStore.generate_key() # 验证码答案
image_url = captcha_image_url(hashkey) # 验证码地址
print(hashkey,image_url)
captcha = {\'hashkey\': hashkey, \'image_url\': image_url}
return render(request, \"login.html\", locals())
def post(self, request):
capt = request.POST.get(\"captcha\", None) # 用户提交的验证码
key = request.POST.get(\"hashkey\", None) # 验证码答案
if jarge_captcha(capt, key):
return HttpResponse(\"验证码正确\")
else:
return HttpResponse(\"验证码错误\")
6.templates文件夹下login.html的内容
{% load static %}
<html lang=\"en\">
<head>
<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">
<title>Title</title>
<script src=\"https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.js\"></script>
<script src=\"https://cdn.bootcdn.net/ajax/libs/twitter-bootstrap/4.0.0/js/bootstrap.js\"></script>
</head>
<body>
<form action=\"/test/\" method=\"post\">
{% csrf_token %}
<a href=\"#\" rel=\"external nofollow\" class=\"captcha\">
<img src=\"{{ captcha.image_url }}\" alt=\"点击切换\" id=\"id_captcha\" >
</a> <br>
<input type=\"text\" name=\"captcha\" placeholder=\"验证码\"> <br>
<input value=\"{{ captcha.hashkey }}\" name=\"hashkey\" type=\"hidden\" id=\"id_captcha_0\">
<button type=\"submit\" class=\"btn btn-primary btn-block \">提交</button>
</form>
<script>
<!-- 动态刷新验证码js -->
$(document).ready(function(){
$(\'.captcha\').click(function () {
$.getJSON(\"/refresh_captcha/\", function (result) {
$(\'#id_captcha\').attr(\'src\', result[\'image_url\']);
$(\'#id_captcha_0\').val(result[\'hashkey\'])
});
});
});
</script>
</body>
</html>
django-simple-captcha并没有使用session对验证码进行存储，而是使用了数据库，当你在做数据库迁移的时候会生成一个表 captcha_captchastore ，包含以下字段
challenge = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 验证码大写或者数学计算比如 1+1
response = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=32) # 需要输入的验证码 验证码小写或数学计算的结果 比如 2
hashkey = models.CharField(blank=False, max_length=40, unique=True) # hash值
expiration = models.DateTimeField(blank=False) # 到期时间
以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持。
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