Django利用elasticsearch(搜索引擎)实现搜索功能

 1、在Django配置搜索结果页的路由映射

\"\"\"pachong URL Configuration

The `urlpatterns` list routes URLs to views. For more information please see:
 https://docs.djangoproject.com/en/1.10/topics/http/urls/
Examples:
Function views
 1. Add an import: from my_app import views
 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r\'^/pre>, views.home, name=\'home\')
Class-based views
 1. Add an import: from other_app.views import Home
 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r\'^/pre>, Home.as_view(), name=\'home\')
Including another URLconf
 1. Import the include() function: from django.conf.urls import url, include
 2. Add a URL to urlpatterns: url(r\'^blog/\', include(\'blog.urls\'))
\"\"\"
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from app1 import views

urlpatterns = [
 url(r\'^admin/\', admin.site.urls),
 url(r\'^/pre>, views.indexluoji),
 url(r\'^index/\', views.indexluoji),
 url(r\'^suggest//pre>, views.suggestluoji,name=\"suggest\"),  # 搜索字段补全请求
 url(r\'^search//pre>, views.searchluoji,name=\"search\"),  # 搜索

]

2、编写逻辑处理函数

在逻辑处理函数里实现搜索数据

（1）获取到用户的搜索词

（2）利用原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口，实现搜索，注明：elasticsearch-dsl就是在原生的elasticsearch上做了封装

　　Elasticsearch()方法，连接原生的elasticsearch服务器

　　search()方法，原生elasticsearch查询方法，支持原生的elasticsearch查询语句，返回的原生语句结果也就是字典形式的数据

　　在查询语句里进行关键词高亮处理

　　将查询到的结果，循环获取到后返回到html页面

from django.shortcuts import render

# Create your views here.
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.views.generic.base import View
from app1.models import lagouType    # 导入操作elasticsearch(搜索引擎)类
import json
from elasticsearch import Elasticsearch   # 导入原生的elasticsearch(搜索引擎)接口
client = Elasticsearch(hosts=[\"127.0.0.1\"])  # 连接原生的elasticsearch

def indexluoji(request):
 print(request.method) # 获取用户请求的路径
 return render(request, \'index.html\')

def suggestluoji(request):          # 搜索自动补全逻辑处理
 key_words = request.GET.get(\'s\', \'\')      # 获取到请求词
 re_datas = []
 if key_words:
  s = lagouType.search()         # 实例化elasticsearch(搜索引擎)类的search查询
  s = s.suggest(\'my_suggest\', key_words, completion={
   \"field\": \"suggest\", \"fuzzy\": {
    \"fuzziness\": 1
   },
   \"size\": 5
  })
  suggestions = s.execute_suggest()
  for match in suggestions.my_suggest[0].options:
   source = match._source
   re_datas.append(source[\"title\"])
 return HttpResponse(json.dumps(re_datas), content_type=\"application/json\")

def searchluoji(request):          # 搜索逻辑处理
 key_words = request.GET.get(\'q\', \'\')      # 获取到请求词
 response = client.search(         # 原生的elasticsearch接口的search()方法，就是搜索，可以支持原生elasticsearch语句查询
  index=\"lagou\",           # 设置索引名称
  doc_type=\"biao\",          # 设置表名称
  body={             # 书写elasticsearch语句
   \"query\": {
    \"multi_match\": {        # multi_match查询
     \"query\": key_words,       # 查询关键词
     \"fields\": [\"title\", \"description\"]   # 查询字段
    }
   },
   \"from\": 0,           # 从第几条开始获取
   \"size\": 10,           # 获取多少条数据
   \"highlight\": {          # 查询关键词高亮处理
    \"pre_tags\": [\'<span class=\"keyWord\">\'],   # 高亮开始标签
    \"post_tags\": [\'</span>\'],      # 高亮结束标签
    \"fields\": {          # 高亮设置
     \"title\": {},        # 高亮字段
     \"description\": {}       # 高亮字段
    }
   }
  }
 )
 total_nums = response[\"hits\"][\"total\"]      # 获取查询结果的总条数
 hit_list = []            # 设置一个列表来储存搜索到的信息，返回给html页面
 for hit in response[\"hits\"][\"hits\"]:      # 循环查询到的结果
  hit_dict = {}           # 设置一个字典来储存循环结果
  if \"title\" in hit[\"highlight\"]:       # 判断title字段，如果高亮字段有类容
   hit_dict[\"title\"] = \"\".join(hit[\"highlight\"][\"title\"])  # 获取高亮里的title
  else:
   hit_dict[\"title\"] = hit[\"_source\"][\"title\"]     # 否则获取不是高亮里的title

  if \"description\" in hit[\"highlight\"]:       # 判断description字段，如果高亮字段有类容
   hit_dict[\"description\"] = \"\".join(hit[\"highlight\"][\"description\"])[:500] # 获取高亮里的description
  else:
   hit_dict[\"description\"] = hit[\"_source\"][\"description\"]  # 否则获取不是高亮里的description

  hit_dict[\"url\"] = hit[\"_source\"][\"url\"]       # 获取返回url

  hit_list.append(hit_dict)          # 将获取到内容的字典，添加到列表
 return render(request, \'result.html\', {\"all_hits\": hit_list, \"key_words\": key_words})  #显示页面和将列表和搜索词返回到html

3、html页面接收搜索结果

注意：因为Django实现了防止恶意代码写入，凡是通过变量传输到html页面的html类型代码，将会被自动转换成字符串方式显示，索引我们需要在接收变量的字段用：{% autoescape off %} {{ 接收变量 }} {% endautoescape %}，来显示html代码，

搜索后因为进行了一次跳转，所以搜索框里的搜索词将不存在，我们需要在传递搜索结果到页面的时候，将搜索词也传递进来填充到搜索框

<!DOCTYPE html >
<html xmlns=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml\">
{#引入静态文件路径#}
{% load staticfiles %}
<head>
<meta http-equiv=\"X-UA-Compatible\" content=\"IE=emulateIE7\" />
<meta http-equiv=\"Content-Type\" content=\"text/html; charset=utf-8\" />
<title>python-lcv-search搜索引擎</title>
<link href=\"{% static \'css/style.css\'%}\" rel=\"external nofollow\" rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" />
<link href=\"{% static \'css/result.css\'%}\" rel=\"external nofollow\" rel=\"stylesheet\" type=\"text/css\" />
</head>
<body>
<div id=\"container\">
 <div id=\"hd\" class=\"ue-clear\">
  <a href=\"/\" rel=\"external nofollow\" ><div class=\"logo\"></div></a>
  <div class=\"inputArea\">
   <input type=\"text\" class=\"searchInput\" value=\"{{ key_words }}\"/>
   <input type=\"button\" class=\"searchButton\" onclick=\"add_search()\"/>
  </div>
 </div>
 <div class=\"nav\">
  <ul class=\"searchList\">
   <li class=\"searchItem current\" data-type=\"article\">文章</li>
   <li class=\"searchItem\" data-type=\"question\">问答</li>
   <li class=\"searchItem\" data-type=\"job\">职位</li>
  </ul>
 </div>
 <div id=\"bd\" class=\"ue-clear\">
  <div id=\"main\">
   <div class=\"sideBar\">

    <div class=\"subfield\">网站</div>
    <ul class=\"subfieldContext\">
     <li>
      <span class=\"name\">伯乐在线</span>
      <span class=\"unit\">(None)</span>
     </li>
     <li>
      <span class=\"name\">知乎</span>
      <span class=\"unit\">(9862)</span>
     </li>
     <li>
      <span class=\"name\">拉勾网</span>
      <span class=\"unit\">(9862)</span>
     </li>
     <li class=\"more\">
      <a href=\"javascript:;\" rel=\"external nofollow\" rel=\"external nofollow\" >
       <span class=\"text\">更多</span>
       <i class=\"moreIcon\"></i>
      </a>
     </li>
    </ul>

    <div class=\"sideBarShowHide\">
     <a href=\"javascript:;\" rel=\"external nofollow\" rel=\"external nofollow\" class=\"icon\"></a>
    </div>
   </div>
   <div class=\"resultArea\">
    <p class=\"resultTotal\">
     <span class=\"info\">找到约&nbsp;<span class=\"totalResult\">45</span>&nbsp;条结果(用时<span class=\"time\">0.643128</span>秒)，共约<span class=\"totalPage\">5</span>页</span>
    </p>
    <div class=\"resultList\">
     {% for hit in all_hits %}
     <div class=\"resultItem\">
       <div class=\"itemHead\">
        <a href=\"{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.url }} {% endautoescape %}\" rel=\"external nofollow\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"title\">{% autoescape off %} {{ hit.title }} {% endautoescape %}</a>
        <span class=\"divsion\">-</span>
        <span class=\"fileType\">
         <span class=\"label\">来源：</span>
         <span class=\"value\">网络</span>
        </span>
        <span class=\"dependValue\">
         <span class=\"label\">得分：</span>
         <span class=\"value\">3.401155</span>
        </span>
       </div>
       <div class=\"itemBody\">
        {% autoescape off %} {{ hit.description }} {% endautoescape %}
       </div>
      </div>
     {% endfor %}
    </div>
    <!-- 分页 -->
    <div class=\"pagination ue-clear\"></div>
    <!-- 相关搜索 -->

   </div>
   <div class=\"historyArea\">
    <div class=\"hotSearch\">
     <h6>热门搜索</h6>
     <ul class=\"historyList\">

       <li><a href=\"/search?q=linux\" rel=\"external nofollow\" >linux</a></li>

     </ul>
    </div>
    <div class=\"mySearch\">
     <h6>我的搜索</h6>
     <ul class=\"historyList\">

     </ul>
    </div>
   </div>
  </div><!-- End of main -->
 </div><!--End of bd-->
</div>

<div id=\"foot\">Copyright &copy;projectsedu.com 版权所有 E-mail:admin@projectsedu.com</div>
</body>
<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"{% static \'js/jquery.js\'%}\"></script>
<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"{% static \'js/global.js\'%}\"></script>
<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"{% static \'js/pagination.js\'%}\"></script>
<script type=\"text/javascript\">
 var search_url = \"/search/\"

 $(\'.searchList\').on(\'click\', \'.searchItem\', function(){
  $(\'.searchList .searchItem\').removeClass(\'current\');
  $(this).addClass(\'current\'); 
 });

 $.each($(\'.subfieldContext\'), function(i, item){
  $(this).find(\'li:gt(2)\').hide().end().find(\'li:last\').show();  
 });

 function removeByValue(arr, val) {
  for(var i=0; i<arr.length; i++) {
  if(arr[i] == val) {
   arr.splice(i, 1);
   break;
  }
  }
 }
 $(\'.subfieldContext .more\').click(function(e){
  var $more = $(this).parent(\'.subfieldContext\').find(\'.more\');
  if($more.hasClass(\'show\')){

   if($(this).hasClass(\'define\')){
    $(this).parent(\'.subfieldContext\').find(\'.more\').removeClass(\'show\').find(\'.text\').text(\'自定义\');
   }else{
    $(this).parent(\'.subfieldContext\').find(\'.more\').removeClass(\'show\').find(\'.text\').text(\'更多\'); 
   }
   $(this).parent(\'.subfieldContext\').find(\'li:gt(2)\').hide().end().find(\'li:last\').show();
  }else{
   $(this).parent(\'.subfieldContext\').find(\'.more\').addClass(\'show\').find(\'.text\').text(\'收起\');
   $(this).parent(\'.subfieldContext\').find(\'li:gt(2)\').show(); 
  }

 });

 $(\'.sideBarShowHide a\').click(function(e) {
  if($(\'#main\').hasClass(\'sideBarHide\')){
   $(\'#main\').removeClass(\'sideBarHide\');
   $(\'#container\').removeClass(\'sideBarHide\');
  }else{
   $(\'#main\').addClass(\'sideBarHide\'); 
   $(\'#container\').addClass(\'sideBarHide\');
  }

 });
 var key_words = \"java\"
 //分页
 $(\".pagination\").pagination(45, {
  current_page :0, //当前页码
  items_per_page :10,
  display_msg :true,
  callback :pageselectCallback
 });
 function pageselectCallback(page_id, jq) {
  window.location.href=search_url+\'?q=\'+key_words+\'&p=\'+page_id
 }

 setHeight();
 $(window).resize(function(){
  setHeight(); 
 });

 function setHeight(){
  if($(\'#container\').outerHeight() < $(window).height()){
   $(\'#container\').height($(window).height()-33);
  } 
 }
</script>
<script type=\"text/javascript\">
 $(\'.searchList\').on(\'click\', \'.searchItem\', function(){
  $(\'.searchList .searchItem\').removeClass(\'current\');
  $(this).addClass(\'current\');
 });

 // 联想下拉显示隐藏
 $(\'.searchInput\').on(\'focus\', function(){
  $(\'.dataList\').show()
 });

 // 联想下拉点击
 $(\'.dataList\').on(\'click\', \'li\', function(){
  var text = $(this).text();
  $(\'.searchInput\').val(text);
  $(\'.dataList\').hide()
 });

 hideElement($(\'.dataList\'), $(\'.searchInput\'));
</script>
<script>
 var searchArr;
 //定义一个search的，判断浏览器有无数据存储（搜索历史）
 if(localStorage.search){
  //如果有，转换成 数组的形式存放到searchArr的数组里（localStorage以字符串的形式存储，所以要把它转换成数组的形式）
  searchArr= localStorage.search.split(\",\")
 }else{
  //如果没有，则定义searchArr为一个空的数组
  searchArr = [];
 }
 //把存储的数据显示出来作为搜索历史
 MapSearchArr();

 function add_search(){
  var val = $(\".searchInput\").val();
  if (val.length>=2){
   //点击搜索按钮时，去重
   KillRepeat(val);
   //去重后把数组存储到浏览器localStorage
   localStorage.search = searchArr;
   //然后再把搜索内容显示出来
   MapSearchArr();
  }

  window.location.href=search_url+\'?q=\'+val+\"&s_type=\"+$(\".searchItem.current\").attr(\'data-type\')

 }

 function MapSearchArr(){
  var tmpHtml = \"\";
  var arrLen = 0
  if (searchArr.length > 6){
   arrLen = 6
  }else {
   arrLen = searchArr.length
  }
  for (var i=0;i<arrLen;i++){
   tmpHtml += \'<li><a href=\"/search?q=\'+searchArr[i]+\'\" rel=\"external nofollow\" >\'+searchArr[i]+\'</a></li>\'
  }
  $(\".mySearch .historyList\").append(tmpHtml);
 }
 //去重
 function KillRepeat(val){
  var kill = 0;
  for (var i=0;i<searchArr.length;i++){
   if(val===searchArr[i]){
    kill ++;
   }
  }
  if(kill<1){
   searchArr.unshift(val);
  }else {
   removeByValue(searchArr, val)
   searchArr.unshift(val)
  }
 }
</script>
</html>

最终效果