python xml模块的简单使用

一、xml简介

xml是实现不同语言或程序之间进行数据交换的协议，跟json差不多，但json使用起来更简单，不过，古时候，在json还没诞生的黑暗年代，大家只能选择用xml呀，至今很多传统公司如金融行业的很多系统的接口还主要是xml。

xml的格式如下，就是通过<>节点来区别数据结构的:

<?xml version=\"1.0\"?>
<data>
  <country name=\"Liechtenstein\">
    <rank updated=\"yes\">2</rank>
    <year>2008</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor name=\"Austria\" direction=\"E\"/>
    <neighbor name=\"Switzerland\" direction=\"W\"/>
  </country>
  <country name=\"Singapore\">
    <rank updated=\"yes\">5</rank>
    <year>2011</year>
    <gdppc>59900</gdppc>
    <neighbor name=\"Malaysia\" direction=\"N\"/>
  </country>
  <country name=\"Panama\">
    <rank updated=\"yes\">69</rank>
    <year>2011</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor name=\"Costa Rica\" direction=\"W\"/>
    <neighbor name=\"Colombia\" direction=\"E\"/>
  </country>
</data>

二、Python使用xml

xml协议在各个语言里的都 是支持的，在python中可以用以下模块操作xml：

# print(root.iter(\'year\')) #全文搜索
# print(root.find(\'country\')) #在root的子节点找，只找一个
# print(root.findall(\'country\')) #在root的子节点找，找所有

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse(\"xmltest.xml\")
root = tree.getroot()
print(root.tag)

#遍历xml文档
for child in root:
  print(\'========>\', child.tag, child.attrib, child.attrib[\'name\'])
  for i in child:
    print(i.tag, i.attrib, i.text)

#只遍历year 节点
for node in root.iter(\'year\'):
  print(node.tag, node.text)
#---------------------------------------

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

tree = ET.parse(\"xmltest.xml\")
root = tree.getroot()

#修改
for node in root.iter(\'year\'):
  new_year = int(node.text) + 1
  node.text = str(new_year)
  node.set(\'updated\', \'yes\')
  node.set(\'version\', \'1.0\')
tree.write(\'test.xml\')

#删除node
for country in root.findall(\'country\'):
  rank = int(country.find(\'rank\').text)
  if rank > 50:
    root.remove(country)

tree.write(\'output.xml\')

#在country内添加（append）节点year2
import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET
tree = ET.parse(\"a.xml\")
root = tree.getroot()
for country in root.findall(\'country\'):
  for year in country.findall(\'year\'):
    if int(year.text) > 2000:
      year2 = ET.Element(\'year2\')
      year2.text = \'新年\'
      year2.attrib = {\'update\': \'yes\'}
      country.append(year2) #往country节点下添加子节点

tree.write(\'a.xml.swap\')

三、自己创建xml文档

import xml.etree.ElementTree as ET

new_xml = ET.Element(\"namelist\")
name = ET.SubElement(new_xml, \"name\", attrib={\"enrolled\": \"yes\"})
age = ET.SubElement(name, \"age\", attrib={\"checked\": \"no\"})
sex = ET.SubElement(name, \"sex\")
sex.text = \'33\'
name2 = ET.SubElement(new_xml, \"name\", attrib={\"enrolled\": \"no\"})
age = ET.SubElement(name2, \"age\")
age.text = \'19\'

et = ET.ElementTree(new_xml) #生成文档对象
et.write(\"test.xml\", encoding=\"utf-8\", xml_declaration=True)

ET.dump(new_xml) #打印生成的格式

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