基于Python的XML格式的文件示例代码详解-偶像资源网

XML文件是可拓展标记语言，是一种简单的数据存储语言，被设计用来传输和存储数据

在Python中XML的一些方法

读取文件和内容

#引用xml模块
from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

# ET去打开xml文件
tree = ET.parse(\"files/xo.xml\")

# 获取根标签
root = tree.getroot()

print(root) # <Element \'data\' at 0x7f94e02763b0>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

content = \"\"\"
<data>
  <country name=\"Liechtenstein\">
    <rank updated=\"yes\">2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction=\"E\" name=\"Austria\" />
    <neighbor direction=\"W\" name=\"Switzerland\" />
  </country>
   <country name=\"Panama\">
    <rank updated=\"yes\">69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction=\"W\" name=\"Costa Rica\" />
    <neighbor direction=\"E\" name=\"Colombia\" />
  </country>
</data>
\"\"\"

root = ET.XML(content) # 获取根标签 
print(root) # <Element \'data\' at 0x7fdaa019cea0>

读取节点数据

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

content = \"\"\"
<data>
  <country name=\"Liechtenstein\" id=\"999\" >
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction=\"E\" name=\"Austria\" />
    <neighbor direction=\"W\" name=\"Switzerland\" />
  </country>
   <country name=\"Panama\">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction=\"W\" name=\"Costa Rica\" />
    <neighbor direction=\"E\" name=\"Colombia\" />
  </country>
</data>
\"\"\"

# 获取根标签 data
root = ET.XML(content)

country_object = root.find(\"country\") # 获取XML文件中的country标签
print(country_object.tag, country_object.attrib)# 获取country标签名  获取country标签地属性
gdppc_object = country_object.find(\"gdppc\")# 获取gdppc标签
print(gdppc_object.tag,gdppc_object.attrib,gdppc_object.text)# 获取gdppc标签的名称  获取gdppc属性(没有属性为:{}) 获取gdppc标签里面的内容

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

content = \"\"\"
<data>
  <country name=\"Liechtenstein\">
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction=\"E\" name=\"Austria\" />
    <neighbor direction=\"W\" name=\"Switzerland\" />
  </country>
   <country name=\"Panama\">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction=\"W\" name=\"Costa Rica\" />
    <neighbor direction=\"E\" name=\"Colombia\" />
  </country>
</data>
\"\"\"

# 获取根标签 data
root = ET.XML(content)

# 获取data标签的孩子标签
for child in root:
  # child.tag = conntry 获取到两个country标签
  # child.attrib = {\"name\":\"Liechtenstein\"}
  print(child.tag, child.attrib)
  for node in child:
    print(node.tag, node.attrib, node.text) # 获取到reank标签

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

content = \"\"\"
<data>
  <country name=\"Liechtenstein\">
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction=\"E\" name=\"Austria\" />
    <neighbor direction=\"W\" name=\"Switzerland\" />
  </country>
   <country name=\"Panama\">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction=\"W\" name=\"Costa Rica\" />
    <neighbor direction=\"E\" name=\"Colombia\" />
  </country>
</data>
\"\"\"

root = ET.XML(content)

# 找到子子孙孙的year标签
for child in root.iter(\'year\'):
  print(child.tag, child.text)

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

content = \"\"\"
<data>
  <country name=\"Liechtenstein\">
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction=\"E\" name=\"Austria\" />
    <neighbor direction=\"W\" name=\"Switzerland\" />
  </country>
   <country name=\"Panama\">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction=\"W\" name=\"Costa Rica\" />
    <neighbor direction=\"E\" name=\"Colombia\" />
  </country>
</data>
\"\"\"

root = ET.XML(content)
v1 = root.findall(\'country\') # 找到所有的country标签
print(v1)

v2 = root.find(\'country\').find(\'rank\') # 找到country标签中的rank标签
print(v2.text)

删除和修改节点

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

content = \"\"\"
<data>
  <country name=\"Liechtenstein\">
    <rank>2</rank>
    <year>2023</year>
    <gdppc>141100</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction=\"E\" name=\"Austria\" />
    <neighbor direction=\"W\" name=\"Switzerland\" />
  </country>
   <country name=\"Panama\">
    <rank>69</rank>
    <year>2026</year>
    <gdppc>13600</gdppc>
    <neighbor direction=\"W\" name=\"Costa Rica\" />
    <neighbor direction=\"E\" name=\"Colombia\" />
  </country>
</data>
\"\"\"

root = ET.XML(content)

# 修改节点内容和属性
rank = root.find(\'country\').find(\'rank\')
print(rank.text)
rank.text = \"999\" # 修改rank标签里面的内容
rank.set(\'update\', \'2020-11-11\') # 为rank标签新增一个update属性
print(rank.text, rank.attrib)
############ 保存文件 ############
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write(\"new.xml\", encoding=\'utf-8\')

# 删除节点
root.remove( root.find(\'country\') )
print(root.findall(\'country\'))

############ 保存文件 ############
tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write(\"newnew.xml\", encoding=\'utf-8\')

构建文档

<home>
  <son name=\"儿1\">
    <grandson name=\"儿11\"></grandson>
    <grandson name=\"儿12\"></grandson>
  </son>
  <son name=\"儿2\"></son>
</home>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

# 创建根标签
root = ET.Element(\"home\")

# 创建节点大儿子
son1 = ET.Element(\'son\', {\'name\': \'儿1\'})
# 创建小儿子
son2 = ET.Element(\'son\', {\"name\": \'儿2\'})

# 在大儿子中创建两个孙子
grandson1 = ET.Element(\'grandson\', {\'name\': \'儿11\'})
grandson2 = ET.Element(\'grandson\', {\'name\': \'儿12\'})
son1.append(grandson1)
son1.append(grandson2)

# 把儿子添加到根节点中
root.append(son1)
root.append(son2)

tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write(\'oooo.xml\', encoding=\'utf-8\', short_empty_elements=False) #short_empty_elements 是否采取短标签的形式创建

<famliy>
  <son name=\"儿1\">
    <grandson name=\"儿11\"></grandson>
    <grandson name=\"儿12\"></grandson>
  </son>
  <son name=\"儿2\"></son>
</famliy>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

# 创建根节点
root = ET.Element(\"famliy\")


# 创建大儿子
son1 = root.makeelement(\'son\', {\'name\': \'儿1\'})
# 创建小儿子
son2 = root.makeelement(\'son\', {\"name\": \'儿2\'})

# 在大儿子中创建两个孙子
grandson1 = son1.makeelement(\'grandson\', {\'name\': \'儿11\'})
grandson2 = son1.makeelement(\'grandson\', {\'name\': \'儿12\'})

son1.append(grandson1)
son1.append(grandson2)


# 把儿子添加到根节点中
root.append(son1)
root.append(son2)

tree = ET.ElementTree(root)
tree.write(\'oooo.xml\',encoding=\'utf-8\')

<famliy>
	<son name=\"儿1\">
  	<age name=\"儿11\">孙子</age>
  </son>
	<son name=\"儿2\"></son>
</famliy>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET


# 创建根节点
root = ET.Element(\"famliy\")


# 创建节点大儿子
son1 = ET.SubElement(root, \"son\", attrib={\'name\': \'儿1\'})
# 创建小儿子
son2 = ET.SubElement(root, \"son\", attrib={\"name\": \"儿2\"})

# 在大儿子中创建一个孙子
grandson1 = ET.SubElement(son1, \"age\", attrib={\'name\': \'儿11\'})
grandson1.text = \'孙子\'


et = ET.ElementTree(root) #生成文档对象
et.write(\"test.xml\", encoding=\"utf-8\")

<user><![CDATA[你好呀]]</user>

from xml.etree import ElementTree as ET

# 创建根节点
root = ET.Element(\"user\")
root.text = \"<![CDATA[你好呀]]\"

et = ET.ElementTree(root) # 生成文档对象
et.write(\"test.xml\", encoding=\"utf-8\")

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基于Python的XML格式的文件示例代码详解

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