python psutil库的使用示例

目录

CPU信息
内存信息
磁盘
网络
其它系统信息
进程信息

由于Bash实在太恶心，很多运维工程师开始使用Python代替Bash写各种脚本。

虽然理论上可以用Python调用Bash指令实现各种功能，但是给各种命令写Bash wrapper还要解析输出实在太麻烦。所以我们还是希望用原生Python库来实现各种功能。

今天我推荐一个好用的Python库psutil。

psutil一个能够跨平台使用的库。可以用来获取系统信息（CPU、内存、磁盘、网络）和进程信息。

它可以被用来替代这些UNIX的系统命令：ps, top, lsof, netstat, ifconfig, who, df, kill, free, nice, ionice, iostat, iotop, uptime, pidof, tty, taskset, pmap

下面是一些具体例子：

>>> import psutil # 加载库

CPU信息

CPU占用率

>>> psutil.cpu_percent(interval=5)
12.9

CPU频率

>>> psutil.cpu_freq()
scpufreq(current=2300, min=2300, max=2300)

CPU load

>>> psutil.getloadavg()
(2.21044921875, 2.4814453125, 2.74609375)

内存信息

内存使用状况

>>> psutil.virtual_memory()
svmem(total=8589934592, available=1664913408, percent=80.6, used=5807058944, free=15069184, active=1651421184, inactive=1649065984, wired=4155637760)

磁盘

磁盘分区信息

>>> psutil.disk_partitions()
[sdiskpart(device=\'/dev/disk1s5\', mountpoint=\'/\', fstype=\'apfs\', opts=\'ro,local,rootfs,dovolfs,journaled,multilabel\', maxfile=255, maxpath=1024), ...]

磁盘占用率

>>> psutil.disk_usage(\'/\')
sdiskusage(total=250685575168, used=11233398784, free=14531440640, percent=43.6)

磁盘IO

>>> psutil.disk_io_counters()
sdiskio(read_count=190236826, write_count=110716593, read_bytes=11349786423296, write_bytes=9505852936192, read_time=165443373, write_time=100234117)

网络

网络连接 (netstat)

>>> import psutil
>>> psutil.net_connections()
[pconn(fd=115, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip=\'10.0.0.1\', port=48776), raddr=addr(ip=\'93.186.135.91\', port=80), status=\'ESTABLISHED\', pid=1254),
 pconn(fd=117, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip=\'10.0.0.1\', port=43761), raddr=addr(ip=\'72.14.234.100\', port=80), status=\'CLOSING\', pid=2987),
 pconn(fd=-1, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip=\'10.0.0.1\', port=60759), raddr=addr(ip=\'72.14.234.104\', port=80), status=\'ESTABLISHED\', pid=None),
 pconn(fd=-1, family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, type=<SocketType.SOCK_STREAM: 1>, laddr=addr(ip=\'10.0.0.1\', port=51314), raddr=addr(ip=\'72.14.234.83\', port=443), status=\'SYN_SENT\', pid=None)
 ...]

网络接口（ifconfig)

>>> psutil.net_if_addrs()
{\'lo\': [snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address=\'127.0.0.1\', netmask=\'255.0.0.0\', broadcast=\'127.0.0.1\', ptp=None),
  snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address=\'::1\', netmask=\'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff\', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
  snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 17>, address=\'00:00:00:00:00:00\', netmask=None, broadcast=\'00:00:00:00:00:00\', ptp=None)],
 \'wlan0\': [snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET: 2>, address=\'192.168.1.3\', netmask=\'255.255.255.0\', broadcast=\'192.168.1.255\', ptp=None),
   snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_INET6: 10>, address=\'fe80::c685:8ff:fe45:641%wlan0\', netmask=\'ffff:ffff:ffff:ffff::\', broadcast=None, ptp=None),
   snicaddr(family=<AddressFamily.AF_LINK: 17>, address=\'c4:85:08:45:06:41\', netmask=None, broadcast=\'ff:ff:ff:ff:ff:ff\', ptp=None)]}

其它系统信息

电池

>>> psutil.sensors_battery()
sbattery(percent=93, secsleft=15420, power_plugged=False)

当前用户

>>> psutil.users()
[suser(name=\'myname\', terminal=\'console\', host=None, started=1604809088.0, pid=180), suser(name=\'yuliji\', terminal=\'ttys012\', host=None, started=1615375616.0, pid=13894)]

进程信息

PID

>>> psutil.pids()
[1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 17, 18, 19, ..., 32498]

所有进程

>>> for proc in psutil.process_iter([\'pid\', \'name\', \'username\']):
...  print(proc.info)
...
{\'name\': \'systemd\', \'pid\': 1, \'username\': \'root\'}
{\'name\': \'kthreadd\', \'pid\': 2, \'username\': \'root\'}
{\'name\': \'ksoftirqd/0\', \'pid\': 3, \'username\': \'root\'}

详细文档，请参考： psutil.readthedocs.io/en/latest/

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