Python selenium find_element()示例详解

selenium有以下定位方式：

driver.find_element_by_id(‘id\')
driver.find_element_by_xpath(\'xpath\')
driver.find_element_by_link_text(\'link_text\')
driver.find_element_by_partial_link_text(\'partial_link_text\')
driver.find_element_by_name(\'name\')
driver.find_element_by_tag_name(\'tag_name\')
driver.find_element_by_class_name(\'class_name\')
driver.find_element_by_css_selector(\'css_selector\')

但我们看下源码：

D:\\Program Files\\Python27\\Lib\\site-packages\\selenium\\webdriver\\remote\\webdriver.py

可以看到，上面那些定位方式，实际上都是调用的driver.find_element(by, value)

我们继续看下find_element()的源码，大部分方法最终全是通过By.CSS_SELECTOR来实现的查找

那By又都有哪些条件呢？

D:\\Program Files\\Python27\\Lib\\site-packages\\selenium\\webdriver\\common\\by.py

继续看源码，可以看到下面8种

ID = "id"
XPATH = "xpath"
LINK_TEXT = "link text"
PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT = "partial link text"
NAME = "name"
TAG_NAME = "tag name"
CLASS_NAME = "class name"
CSS_SELECTOR = "css selector"

所以我们以后就都只用find_element()就好了，因为最终实际上也都是调用的这个方法。

简单封装一下，以后就记住find_element()一个方法即可。

from selenium.common.exceptions import TimeoutException
from selenium.webdriver.support.ui import WebDriverWait
from appium import webdriver

class BasePage(object):
    def split_locator(self, locator):
        \"\"\"
        分解定位表达式，如\'css,.username\',拆分后返回\'css selector\'和定位表达式\'.username\'(class为username的元素)
        :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串，如\'css,.username\'
        :return: locator_dict[by], value:返回定位方式和定位表达式
        \"\"\"
        by = locator.split(\',\')[0]
        value = locator.split(\',\')[1]
        locator_dict = {
            \'id\': \'id\',
            \'name\': \'name\',
            \'class\': \'class name\',
            \'tag\': \'tag name\',
            \'link\': \'link text\',
            \'plink\': \'partial link text\',
            \'xpath\': \'xpath\',
            \'css\': \'css selector\',
        }
        if by not in locator_dict.keys():
            raise NameError(\"wrong locator!\'id\',\'name\',\'class\',\'tag\',\'link\',\'plink\',\'xpath\',\'css\',exp:\'id,username\'\")
        return locator_dict[by], value


    def wait_element(self, locator, sec=30):
        \"\"\"
        等待元素出现
        :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串，用逗号分隔，如\'css,.username\'
        :param sec:等待秒数
        \"\"\"
        by, value = self.split_locator(locator)
        try:
            WebDriverWait(self.driver, sec, 1).until(lambda x: x.find_element(by=by, value=value),message=\'element not found!!!\')
            log.info(u\'等待元素：%s\' % locator)
        return True
        except TimeoutException:
            return False
        except Exception, e:
            raise e

    
    def get_element(self, locator, sec=60):
        \"\"\"
        获取一个元素
        :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串，用逗号分隔，如\'css,.username\'
        :param sec:等待秒数
        :return: 元素可找到返回element对象，否则返回False
        \"\"\"
        if self.wait_element(locator, sec):
            by, value = self.split_locator(locator)
            try:
                element = self.driver.find_element(by=by, value=value)
                log.info(u\'获取元素：%s\' % locator)
                return element
            except Exception, e:
                raise e
        else:
            return False

    def get_elements(self, locator):
        \"\"\"
        获取一组元素
        :param locator: 定位方法+定位表达式组合字符串，用逗号分隔，如\'css,.username\'
        :return: elements
        \"\"\"
        by, value = self.split_locator(locator)
        try:
            elements = WebDriverWait(self.driver, 60, 1).until(lambda x: x.find_elements(by=by, value=value))
            log.info(u\'获取元素列表：%s\' % locator)
            return elements
        except Exception, e:
            raise e

以后调用，先定义元素，如

button = "id,su" # 页面上id为su的元素

在用例中查找时，只要写

find_element(button)

整体框架源码：

https://github.com/songzhenhua/selenium_ui_auto/blob/master/page_object/base_page.py

总结