目录
echarts是百度推出的一款开源的基于JavaScript的可视化图表库，该开发库目前发展非常不错，且支持各类图形的绘制可定制程度高，Echarts绘图库同样可以与Flask结合，前台使用echart绘图库进行图形的生成与展示，后台则是Flask通过render_template方法返回一串JSON数据集，前台收到后将其应用到绘图库上，实现动态展示Web服务日志状态功能。
如下演示案例中，将分别展示运用该绘图库如何前后端交互绘制（饼状图，柱状图，折线图）这三种最基本的图形。
实现绘制饼状图
用于模拟统计Web容器的日志数据，通过饼状图将访问状态统计出来。
前端部分/templates/index.html代码如下:
<html>
<head>
<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">
<title>LyShark</title>
<script src=\"https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js\"></script>
<script src=\"https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/echarts/5.0.0/echarts.min.js\"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class=\"panel panel-primary\" style=\"width: 40%;height: 30%; float: left\">
<div class=\"panel-heading\">
<h3 class=\"panel-title\">LyShark 网站访问状态统计</h3>
</div>
<div class=\"panel-body\">
<div id=\"main\" style=\"width:100%; height: 300px\"></div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
<script type=\"text/javascript\" charset=\"UTF-8\">
var kv = new Array();
kv = {{ data | safe }}
var test = new Array();
for(var logkey in kv){
test.push( {value:kv[logkey], name:logkey} )
}
var display = function(){
var main = echarts.init(document.getElementById(\"main\"));
var option = {
legend: {
orient: \'vertical\',
left: \'left\',
},
series: [
{
type: \'pie\',
radius: \'70%\',
center: [\'50%\', \'50%\'],
detail: {formatter:\'{value}\'},
data: test
}
]
};
main.setOption(option,true);
};
display();
</script>
</html>
后端代码如下通过模拟render_template返回一些数据。
from flask import Flask,render_template,request
import json
app = Flask(import_name=__name__,
static_url_path=\'/python\', # 配置静态文件的访问url前缀
static_folder=\'static\', # 配置静态文件的文件夹
template_folder=\'templates\') # 配置模板文件的文件夹
def Count_Flag_And_Flow(file):
list = []
flag = {}
with open(file) as f:
contexts = f.readlines()
for line in contexts:
it = line.split()[8]
list.append(it)
list_num = set(list)
for item in list_num:
num = list.count(item)
flag[item] = num
return flag
@app.route(\'/\', methods=[\"GET\"])
def index():
Address = {\'226\': 4, \'404\': 12, \'200\': 159, \'400\': 25, \'102\': 117, \'302\': 1625}
# Address = Count_Flag_And_Flow(\"d://access_log\")
return render_template(\"index.html\",data = json.dumps(Address))
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
app.run(host=\"127.0.0.1\", port=80, debug=False)
运行后访问自定义域名，输出如下效果的饼状图:
实现绘制柱状图
统计访问了本站的所有ID地址并将地址数大于2的全部显示出来.
前端index.html代码如下
<html>
<head>
<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">
<title>LyShark</title>
<script src=\"https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js\"></script>
<script src=\"https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/echarts/5.0.0/echarts.min.js\"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class=\"panel panel-primary\" style=\"width: 58%;height: 30%; float: left\">
<div class=\"panel-heading\">
<h3 class=\"panel-title\">LyShark 网站设备类型统计</h3>
</div>
<div class=\"panel-body\">
<div id=\"main1\" style=\"width:100%; height: 300px\"></div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
<script type=\"text/javascript\" charset=\"UTF-8\">
var kv = new Array();
var keys = new Array();
var values = new Array();
kv = {{ data | safe }}
for(var logkey in kv){
keys.push(logkey);
values.push(kv[logkey]);
}
var display = function() {
var main1 = echarts.init(document.getElementById(\"main1\"));
var option = {
xAxis: {
type: \'category\',
data: keys
},
yAxis: {
type: \'value\'
},
series: [{
data: values,
type: \'bar\'
}]
};
main1.setOption(option,true);
};
display();
</script>
</html>
后端代码如下,路由曾则只保留一个index映射
from flask import Flask,render_template,request
import json
app = Flask(import_name=__name__,
static_url_path=\'/python\', # 配置静态文件的访问url前缀
static_folder=\'static\', # 配置静态文件的文件夹
template_folder=\'templates\') # 配置模板文件的文件夹
def Count_Flag_And_Type(file):
list = []
flag = {}
with open(file) as f:
contexts = f.readlines()
for line in contexts:
addr = line.split()[0].replace(\"(\",\"\").replace(\")\",\"\")
if addr != \"::1\":
list.append(addr)
# 去重并将其转为字典
list_num = set(list)
for item in list_num:
num = list.count(item)
# 如果地址只有一次则忽略
if num > 1:
flag[item] = num
return flag
@app.route(\'/\', methods=[\"GET\"])
def index():
Types = {\'Linux\': 23, \'studies\': 57, \'Windows\': 87, \'compatible\': 44, \'web\': 32, \'X11\': 78}
# Types = Count_Flag_And_Type(\"d://access_log\")
return render_template(\"index.html\",data = json.dumps(Types))
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
app.run(host=\"127.0.0.1\", port=80, debug=False)
柱状图绘制效果如下：
实现绘制折线图
统计指定的时间段内的访问流量数据.
前端index.html代码如下
<html>
<head>
<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">
<title>LyShark</title>
<script src=\"https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js\"></script>
<script src=\"https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/echarts/5.0.0/echarts.min.js\"></script>
</head>
<body>
<div class=\"panel panel-primary\" style=\"width: 100%;height: 30%; float: left\">
<div class=\"panel-heading\">
<h3 class=\"panel-title\">LyShark 网站流量统计</h3>
</div>
<div class=\"panel-body\">
<div id=\"main\" style=\"width:100%; height: 400px\"></div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
<script type=\"text/javascript\" charset=\"UTF-8\">
var kv = new Array();
var keys = new Array();
var values = new Array();
kv = {{ data | safe }};
for(var logkey in kv){
keys.push(logkey);
values.push(kv[logkey]);
}
var display = function() {
var main = echarts.init(document.getElementById(\"main\"));
var option = {
xAxis: {
type: \'category\',
boundaryGap: false,
data: keys
},
yAxis: {
type: \'value\'
},
series: [{
data: values,
type: \'line\',
areaStyle: {},
}]
};
main.setOption(option,true);
};
display();
</script>
</html>
后端代码如下,路由曾则只保留一个index映射
from flask import Flask,render_template,request
import json
app = Flask(import_name=__name__,
static_url_path=\'/python\', # 配置静态文件的访问url前缀
static_folder=\'static\', # 配置静态文件的文件夹
template_folder=\'templates\') # 配置模板文件的文件夹
def Count_Time_And_Flow(file):
times = {} # key 保存当前时间信息
flow = {} # value 当前时间流量总和
Count= 0 # 针对IP地址的计数器
with open(file) as f:
contexts = f.readlines()
for line in contexts:
if line.split()[9] != \"-\" and line.split()[9] != \'\"-\"\':
size = line.split()[9]
temp = line.split()[3]
ip_attr = temp.split(\":\")[1] + \":\" + temp.split(\":\")[2]
Count = int(size) + Count
if ip_attr in times.keys():
flow[ip_attr] = flow[ip_attr] + int(size)
else:
times[ip_attr] = 1
flow[ip_attr] = int(size)
return flow
@app.route(\'/\', methods=[\"GET\"])
def index():
OutFlow = {\'03:30\': 12, \'03:48\': 25, \'04:15\': 47, \'04:28\': 89, \'04:42\': 66, \'04:51\': 54}
# OutFlow = Count_Time_And_Flow(\"d://access_log\")
return render_template(\"index.html\",data = json.dumps(OutFlow))
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
app.run(host=\"127.0.0.1\", port=80, debug=False)
折现图绘制效果如下：
如上是三种常用图形的绘制方式，其他图形同理可以参考如上方代码中的写法，我们可以将这三个图形合并在一起，主要是前端对其进行排版即可。
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang=\"en\">
<head>
<meta charset=\"UTF-8\">
<link rel=\"stylesheet\" href=\"https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/bootstrap/3.3.7/css/bootstrap.min.css\" rel=\"external nofollow\" >
<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/jquery/3.5.1/jquery.min.js\"></script>
<script type=\"text/javascript\" src=\"https://cdn.lyshark.com/javascript/echarts/5.0.0/echarts.min.js\"></script>
</head>
<body>
<!--饼状图绘制方法-->
<div class=\"panel panel-primary\" style=\"width: 40%;height: 30%;float: left\">
<div class=\"panel-heading\">
<h3 class=\"panel-title\">饼状图绘制</h3>
</div>
<div class=\"panel-body\">
<div id=\"PieChart\" style=\"width:100%; height: 300px\"></div>
</div>
</div>
<!--柱状图绘制方法-->
<div class=\"panel panel-primary\" style=\"width: 58%;height: 30%; float: right\">
<div class=\"panel-heading\">
<h3 class=\"panel-title\">柱状图绘制</h3>
</div>
<div class=\"panel-body\">
<div id=\"HistogramChart\" style=\"width:100%; height: 300px\"></div>
</div>
</div>
<!--折线图绘制方法-->
<div class=\"panel panel-primary\" style=\"width: 100%;height: 40%; float: left\">
<div class=\"panel-heading\">
<h3 class=\"panel-title\">折线图绘制</h3>
</div>
<div class=\"panel-body\">
<div id=\"Linechart\" style=\"width:100%; height: 460px\"></div>
</div>
</div>
<!--饼状图绘制方法-->
<script type=\"text/javascript\" charset=\"UTF-8\">
var kv = new Array();
kv = {{ Address | safe }}
var test = new Array();
for(var logkey in kv){
test.push( {value:kv[logkey], name:logkey} )
}
var display = function(){
var echo = echarts.init(document.getElementById(\"PieChart\"));
var option = {
legend: {
orient: \'vertical\',
left: \'left\',
},
series: [
{
type: \'pie\',
radius: \'70%\',
center: [\'50%\', \'50%\'],
detail: {formatter:\'{value}\'},
data: test
}
]
};
echo.setOption(option,true);
};
display();
</script>
<!--柱状图绘制方法-->
<script type=\"text/javascript\" charset=\"UTF-8\">
var kv = new Array();
var keys = new Array();
var values = new Array();
kv = {{ Types | safe }}
for(var logkey in kv){
keys.push(logkey);
values.push(kv[logkey]);
}
var display = function() {
var echo = echarts.init(document.getElementById(\"HistogramChart\"));
var option = {
tooltip: {
trigger: \'axis\',
axisPointer: {
type: \'shadow\'
}
},
grid: {
left: \'3%\',
right: \'4%\',
bottom: \'3%\',
containLabel: true
},
xAxis: {
type: \'category\',
data: keys
},
yAxis: {
type: \'value\'
},
series: [{
data: values,
type: \'bar\'
}]
};
echo.setOption(option,true);
};
display();
</script>
<!--折线图绘制方法-->
<script type=\"text/javascript\" charset=\"UTF-8\">
// 函数主要用于将传入的字典分解成key,value格式并返回
var get_key_value = function(kv)
{
var keys = new Array();
var values = new Array();
for(var logkey in kv)
{
keys.push(logkey);
values.push(kv[logkey]);
}
return [keys,values];
}
// 输出1分钟负载
var kv = new Array();
kv = {{ x | safe }};
var x = get_key_value(kv);
// 输出5分钟负载
var kv = new Array();
kv = {{ y | safe }};
var y = get_key_value(kv);
// 输出15分钟负载
var kv = new Array();
kv = {{ z | safe }};
var z = get_key_value(kv);
// 显示利用率
var display = function() {
var echo = echarts.init(document.getElementById(\"Linechart\"));
var option = {
title: {
left: \'left\',
text: \'CPU 利用表\',
},
// 调节大小
grid: {
left: \'3%\',
right: \'4%\',
bottom: \'3%\',
containLabel: true
},
// tooltip 鼠标放上去之后会自动出现坐标
tooltip: {
trigger: \'axis\',
axisPointer: {
type: \'cross\',
label: {
backgroundColor: \'#6a7985\'
}
}
},
legend: {
data: [\'1分钟负载\', \'5分钟负载\', \'15分钟负载\']
},
xAxis: {
type: \'category\',
// data: [\'Mon\', \'Tue\', \'Wed\', \'Thu\', \'Fri\', \'Sat\', \'Sun\']
data: x[0]
},
yAxis: {
type: \'value\'
},
series:
[
{
name: \"1分钟负载\",
stack: \"总量\",
//data: [10, 25, 99, 87, 54, 66, 2],
data: x[1],
type: \'line\'
},
{
name: \"5分钟负载\",
stack: \"总量\",
//data: [89, 57, 85, 44, 25, 4, 54],
data: y[1],
type: \'line\'
},
{
name: \"15分钟负载\",
stack: \"总量\",
//data: [1, 43, 2, 12, 5, 4, 7],
data: z[1],
type: \'line\'
}
]
};
echo.setOption(option,true);
};
display();
</script>
</body>
后端代码如下，其中的参数可以从数据库内提取也可以从文件中读入。
from flask import Flask,render_template,request
import json
app = Flask(import_name=__name__,
static_url_path=\'/python\', # 配置静态文件的访问url前缀
static_folder=\'static\', # 配置静态文件的文件夹
template_folder=\'templates\') # 配置模板文件的文件夹
@app.route(\'/\', methods=[\"GET\"])
def index():
Address = {\'226\': 4, \'404\': 12, \'200\': 159, \'400\': 25, \'102\': 117, \'302\': 1625}
Types = {\'Linux\': 23, \'studies\': 57, \'Windows\': 87, \'compatible\': 44, \'web\': 32, \'X11\': 78}
x = {\'03:30\': 12, \'03:48\': 25, \'04:15\': 47, \'04:28\': 89, \'04:42\': 66, \'04:51\': 54}
y = {\'05:22\': 55, \'07:48\': 29, \'07:15\': 98, \'08:54\': 11, \'08:41\': 61, \'06:51\': 5}
z = {\'07:30\': 1, \'09:48\': 5, \'06:15\': 24, \'08:28\': 59, \'2:42\': 11, \'08:51\': 22}
return render_template(\"index.html\",Address = json.dumps(Address), Types= json.dumps(Types), x = json.dumps(x), y = json.dumps(y), z = json.dumps(z))
if __name__ == \'__main__\':
app.run(host=\"127.0.0.1\", port=80, debug=False)
输出效果如下：
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